1. A Self Study Powerpoint
Tuberculosis
A Self Study Powerpoint

2. Tuberculosis (TB)
Historically known as consumption, wasting disease and the white plague, TB is one of the world’s deadliest diseases. In fact, it is believed that TB has been around since the time of the early Egyptians.
According to the CDC, approximately 2 billion people (worldwide) are infected with TB

3. How is TB spread?
By direct contact with saliva/sputum from an infected person
By direct contact with blood from an infected person
By droplet nuclei from a patient with an active TB infection
By droplet nuclei from a patient with latent TB infection

4. TB is spread when you inhale droplet nuclei that contains Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The bacteria can live in the air for several hours
A person with latent TB cannot spread the disease because the body’s immune system has encapsulated the bacteria in a graduloma

5. Sam is visiting with a neighbor who has been treated for latent TB
Sam is visiting with a neighbor who has been treated for latent TB. Sam is concerned about being exposed to TB and asks his health care provider if he should receive treatment. The nurse should tell Sam:
Yes, you will need to receive treatment since TB is highly contagious
Since the contact was with a person who has latent TB, the risk of contracting the disease is minimal and no treatment is required
The risk of contracting TB from a person with the latent form of the disease is low, but you should receive a mantoux skin test followed by a chest x-ray just to be safe.

6. Patients with the latent form of TB are not contagious.

7. What is the difference between latent and active TB
What is the difference between latent and active TB? (write your answer then continue to the next slide for the answer)

8. Latent Vs Active TB Latent Active Do not feel sick No symptoms
Not contagious
May develop active TB- risk is greatest within the first two years of exposure
Contagious
Feel sick/symptomatic
Cough > 3 weeks
Chest pain
Blood in sputum
Fever
Chills
Night sweats
Weight loss
Decreased appetite
Fatigue
Malaise

9. Which group of people are at greatest risk for progression from latent to active TB infection?
Children under the age of 5
Individuals who are HIV positive or have AIDS
Individuals receiving immunosuppressive therapy
IV drug and alcohol abusers
People with co-morbidities such as diabetes, lymphoma, and cancer

10. All of the listed categories carry a high risk for development of active TB infections. Individuals who are HIV positive or have AIDS have the greatest risk for development of active TB infections.

11. Julian has recently travelled to Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia on mission trips where he helped set up medical clinics. Does this increase his risk of contracting the disease?

12. Yes. The incidence of TB is higher in Eastern Europe and travel to this area increases the risk Other risk factors include:
Being in close contact with someone who has active TB
Being from a country where TB is active (Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Russia);Entrance to US in past 5 years
Living in close quarters (prisons, homeless shelters)
Healthcare workers caring for TB patients
Medically underserved, low income, homeless
Children exposed to adults with TB

13. You are reading the TB skin tests during annual TB testing at your facility. Which of the following tests are considered positive?
Sophia who has ½ inch of redness around the injection site and 2 mm induration
Morris who has slight redness at the injection site with 5 mm induration who recently reported that his partner has active TB
Julie who has no redness to the injection site and has 15 mm induration

14. Morris and Julie have positive skin tests

15. Induration ≥ 5 mm positive for people with:
HIV
Contact with someone with active TB
Previous CRX suggestive of active TB
Induration ≥ 10 mm positive for people with:
Recent immigration (5 yrs) from high risk country
IV drug user
Residents/employees of conjugate settings
Mycobacteriology lab personnel
Risk factors for progression of TB
Induration ≥15 mm
everyone