1. The Only Comma Rules You Really Need to Know
By: Mrs. Crow

2. 1. The Series Rule
When listing items in a row (usually a list of nouns), separate each item with a comma.
Example: Dylan likes jazz, rock, and blues.

3. Series Rule Continued
Commas should also be placed between two or more adjectives before a noun.
Example: She is a pretty, charming, kind young woman.

4. 2. Rule for Joining Two Sentences
When combining two independent sentences into one longer sentence, you use the conjunctions and, but, for, or, nor, yet, or so, put a comma BEFORE the conjunction.
Example: Ryan wants to go rollerblading, but I want to listen to a CD.

5. Before Rule #3… Two definitions you need to know:
Phrase= a group of words that acts as a unit. A phrase does not have both a subject and a predicate. (incomplete sentence)
Clause= a group of words that has a complete subject and a complete predicate. (complete sentence)

6. 3. Rule for Sentences Beginning with a Subornating Conjunction or Introductory Clause
If a sentence begins with a sub. conjunction (although, because, while, until, etc), put a comma at the end of the dependent clause.

7. Subordinating Conjunctions Continued:
If the subordinating conjunction is in the middle of the sentence, the comma is left out.
Definition: word that comes at the beginning of a dependent clause to establish the relationship between the clause and the rest of the sentence

8. Here’s another way to say it…
When a sentence begins with an incomplete thought, join it to the rest of the sentence with a comma at the place it links with the real sentence.
However, when the incomplete thought is in the middle of the sentence, the comma is often not needed.

9. Don’t Panic! Here are some examples:
Although I don’t want to admit it, commas are starting to make sense.
The reverse:
Commas are starting to make sense although I don’t want to admit it.

10. More Examples:
Because I want to be a rock climber, I need to get the right kind of shoes.
The reverse:
I need to get the right kind of shoes because I want to be a rock climber.

11. 4. Commas with Dialogue and Quotation Marks
The comma goes INSIDE the quotation marks. Always. No exceptions.
If the dialogue is broken up by an interrupter, don’t forget to add a comma after the interrupter.

12. Dialogue and Quotation Examples:
“You’ll be tested on every mark of punctuation you’ve ever heard of on Friday,” the teacher snapped.
Terry, known to the class as the “grammar king,” passed the test with flying colors.

13. 5. Words Not Really Essential to a Sentence
If there are words in a sentence that can be removed without changing the basic meaning of the sentence, you need commas around the words you could omit.

14. Non-Essential Words Examples:
Mr. Wade, the oldest man on the tour, was the life of the party.
My uncle, who used to be a police officer, now spends all his time on the golf course.
Yes, I do hope to win the lottery one day.

15. 6. Dates and Addresses Use commas to separate:
The city or town from the state
Items in an address when they’re written on a single line
Day of the month from the year
Day of the week from the day of the month and year
Items in a date when written in a sentence

16. Dates and Addresses Examples:
I once lived in Chicago, Illinois.
Forward our mail to 10 Pleasant Street, Chicago, Illinois, beginning immediately.
Bob’s birth date is May 17, 1978.
Bob was born on Monday, May 17, 1978, in East Meadow, New York.

17. Assignment: Comma worksheet with 30 problems
Place commas correctly in sentences
Beware! Not all sentences need commas.
Due on Monday!