1. CHEROKEE REMOVAL

2. Sequoyah  Real name was George Gist  Crippled from a young age  Impressed with written language of the White settlers, which he called “talking leaves”  Created a syllabary (group of symbols that stand for syllables)  His written language showed that the Cherokee could communicate with each other without using the white’s written language

3. Joseph Vann  Son of James Vann, who brought Moravian missionaries to the Cherokee to educate his people  His home included a 2-story brick mansion, 42 cabins, 6 barns, 5 smokehouses, a gristmill, a blacksmith, a foundry, a trading post, and a still  He was one of the first Cherokee males to inherit a majority of his father’s wealth

4. Worcester v. Georgia  In 1830, a law was passed that required all white people living among the Cherokee to sign an oath to the governor of GA  11 missionaries, including Samuel Worcester, refused and were arrested, tried, and sentenced to 4 years in jail  Governor gave them a pardon if they would take an oath to be loyal to the state, all but 2 (Worcester and Elizur Butler) agreed.

5. Worcester v. Georgia  The missionaries took their case to the U.S. Supreme Court  Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in their favor, but Georgia refused to honor the Supreme Court’s decision  Worcester and Butler eventually gave up, signed the oath, and were pardoned

6. Land Lottery  In 1832, Georgia divided the Cherokee land into lots and lotteried them to white settlers  Cherokees still refused to leave their land

7. Andrew Jackson  In 1828, he was elected Pres. of U.S.  Jackson refused to honor any of the Supreme Court rulings that protected the rights of the Cherokees  He said, “John Marshall has rendered his decision, now let him enforce it!”

8. John Ross  1/8 Cherokee  Inherited his father’s trading business and increased it making him very wealthy  First and only elected chief of the Cherokee Nation  Tried to petition Congress and the courts to stop the removal but was unsuccessful

9. Failed Attempts The Cherokee had tried to live like the White settlers  Built the capital city of New Echota  Had a three branch government like U.S.  Adopted a constitution  Lived in log cabins  Published a newspaper the Cherokee Phoenix  Fought with the U.S. army in the Creek Wars Still their rights were taken

10. Trail of Tears  In 1835, Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot (editor of the Cherokee Phoenix) signed a treaty that said all of the Cherokees would move west to the Indian territory and give up all of their land to Georgia  Six months after they arrived in the territory, these three men were killed for breaking tribal law by giving away the land without the permission of the tribe

11. Trail of Tears  In 1838, General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops forcibly moved the Cherokees into stockades—many died from disease  A few escaped to the North Carolina mountains  They were next walked 700-800 miles through winter winds and snows to the western territory with little food  About 4,000 men, women, and children died