1. W HERE ARE WE NOW ? 2012 Porfirio M. Aliño Marine Science Institute University of the Philippines Diliman, Q.C. 1101

2. Why MPAs? For biodiversity conservation We have rich archipelagic waters but these are overfished We are the center of biodiversity but there is a recent decline in species diversity due to overexploitation

3. Source: White and Cruz- Trinidad 1998 Dealing with the dilemma of increasing demand for food and declining fish yields The Philippines as an Archipelagic state Alino 2004 Philippine Fisheries Decline: How do we address climate change concerns amidst reducing fishing effort, addressing poverty and food security concerns?

4. Our heritage under threat! The Philippines as a rich area of ecosystem goods and services needs to be understood and managed wisely 4 Interpolated species diversity map of fish species in the Philippines from fish visual census data (1990s to 2008) (* Nañola et al, 2010) Pattern of species richness based on sampling in early to mid 1900s(Carpenter and Springer 2005) Fish biodiversity declines in the center of the center, the Philippines  the Visayan Seas

5. Source: Nanola et al. 2006 Based on 424 transects Based on 1,274 Transects Long-term studies have documented the decline of coral reef health and the decrease in reef fish biomass

6. Why MPAs? As our commitment to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): To protect at least 10% of our coral reefs Note: The Kalayaan Island Group has a reef system that is already 20% of our total reef area.

7. ADB Regional Cooperation on Knowledge Management, Policy, and Institutional Support to the Coral Triangle Initiative State of the Coasts 2012

8. tons fish Why MPAs? For food security Food production as a response to poverty Filipinos are highly dependent on fish for food Improper and unsustainable attempts at increasing food production may lead to more problems such as fish kills 56% coastal @ 43% protein from sea 44% inland @ 23% protein from sea

9. Why MPAs? In response to climate change effects: We must build resilience in our coral reefs LUZON South China Sea (B) North Philippine Sea (A-1) Sulu Sea (C) Visayan Seas (D) Celebes Sea (E) South Philippine Sea (A-2) SST and coral bleaching needs MPA network resiliency system Maintaining coastal integrity amidst extreme weather events Managing fisheries in ENSO & La Nina regimes Reducing siltation from high precipitation SLR zoning adjustments

10. Reefs at Risk in the Present, 2030, and2050 in the Coral Triangle Region (Burke et. al. 2012)

11. Algal cover Herbivore biomass LowMediumHigh Low9 (24.32%)3 (8.11%)2 (5.41%) Medium6 (16.22%)2 (5.41%)0 High 14 (37.84 %) 1 (2.70 %)0 Proportions had been corrected El Nido, (video Quibilan) Nanola et al., in prep. Overfishing leads to algal phase shifts

13. accelerate improve its effectiveness Protecting 10% of the coral reefs in the Philippines would take 100 years: accelerate the area covered and improve its effectiveness 397 473 504 840 1,465 1,847 544

14. Why MPA Networks? For large-scale conservation Connectivity among sites To accelerate and improve protection of our reefs Cost Effective

15. MPA Networks are Cost Effective Individual LGUs enforcing their respective municipal waters (effective enforcement up to 5 kilometers) Inter-LGU Coastal Resource Management with joint enforcement (effective enforcement up to 10 kilometers) LGU 1 PhP 528.60 LGU 2 PhP 2,217.68 LGU 3 PhP 879.18 LGU 4 PhP 12,780.53 LGU 5 PhP 293.95 LGU 1 PhP 467.64 LGU 2 PhP 1,095.14 LGU 3 PhP 418.84 LGU 4 PhP 6,744.44 LGU 5 PhP 242.21 The Philippine Environmental Governance 2 Project

16. Milestones for Philippine MPAs YEARMILESTONES 1997 International Year of the Reef National Workshop on MPAs (PCAMRD-PhilReefs) Best Managed Reef Awards 2000-2003 Annual MPA Workshops (DA-BAR/AFMA MFR Project) 2001 National Biodiversity Priority Setting Workshops 2002 Best Managed Reef Awards (PCAMRD – PhilReefs) June 2003 Philippine Marine Sanctuary Strategy (PHILMARSAST) 2004 Formulation of the Archipelagic Development Strategy 2004 - 2006Drafting of the National Coral Reef Strategy Nov 2005MPA Support Network (MSN) formalized with MOA Oct 2007Coastal Zone Philippines 2 2007, 20091 st & 2 nd MPA Awards & Recognition Event 20113 rd MPA Awards & Recognition Event MPA management effectiveness benchmarking `

17. Milestones for Philippine MPAs YEARMILESTONES 2011 Sept – Dec Inputs to the Philippine SCTR and updates of Status of Coral Reefs 2012- Jan - Mar Inter-Operability workshop 20012 Mar - Jun State of the Coasts workshop and CTI related activities e.g. SCTR Reefs at Risks updates 2012 Jun to Sept Submissions to SoCR (20+ Provinces 2012 Sept to Dec MPA Support Network (MSN) formalized with MOA from additional members 2013 Jan to March Follow-up of Nominations for Para El MAR 2013 2013 April to Jun PAMS Evaluation of Nominations 2013 July to Sept TLC for Para El MAR `

18. ©DPANTE PARA EL MAR: MPA Awards and Recognition Developing criteria for “successful” MPAs to popularize the lessons learned and lead to a harmonized vision of coral reef management

19. Where are we now? We have already established a standard assessment procedure for the effectiveness through the MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool (MPA MEAT) Facilitate comparable (if not common) monitoring and evaluation methods linked to capacity-building for enhanced cost-effectiveness of MPA benefits

20. From MPA Gap Analysis to Benchmarking DescriptionNumber of MPAsMPA MEAT% with MPA MEAT Total Number of MPAs recorded in the database 12081169.6% Established MPAs107211310.5% Proposed MPAs13632.2% Biogeographic Zone North Philippine Sea12210.8% South Philippine Sea4824.2% South China Sea1071816.8% Sulu Sea852832.9% Visayan Seas740415.5% Celebes Sea1042625.0%

21. >21 11-20 6-10 Verde Island Passage Calauag, Quezon Lanuza Bay

22. Research & Monitoring needs Linking the monitoring of science based management applications to benefits of MPA networks and MSP

23. 23 Protected Area or sanctuary Marine Protected Areas or Fish Sanctuaries Slide courtesy of W Campos, UP Visayas Recruitment Fishery benefits of an MPA Spillover

25. Stock-Taking Target areas for convergence of national MPA strategies which links various objectives to the ultimate outcomes (i.e. Governance, Ecological and Socio-economic benefits) Target demonstration areas demonstrating ridge to reef and inter-sectoral networking concerns (i.e. at least in the 6 marine biogeographic regions)

26. Lessons learned:  Addressing the imperatives of coastal management starts with doable actions such as MPA and enhancement complementation  Expand and consolidate initiatives through MPA networks to achieve synergistic effects  Adapting wisely to changes requires both strategic vision and management in order to achieve goals and objectives and overcome challenges in a social development context PAMS, PhilReefs and MSN: Supporting ICM efforts through a network of practitioners using science-based and good governance principles

27. Synergizing Establish water quality monitoring to track ridge to reef approach to reduce threats to MPAs ICM, DENR, etc. Decision support system Capacity-building PES Convergence offices at the municipalities (e.g. ENR)

28. 10-Point Agreement (2011) 1.Target areas for convergence of national MPA strategies which links various objectives to the ultimate outcomes 2. Target demonstration areas demonstrating ridge to reef and inter-sectoral networking concerns 3. Establish water quality monitoring to track ridge to reef approach to reduce threats to MPAs

29. 4. ICM to be demonstrated in at least 1 marine biogeographic region 5. Decision support system to be facilitated as linked to applications of MPA databases 6. Capacity-building opportunities to be continued especially in enforcement 7. PES (Payments for Environmental Services) 8. Convergence offices at the municipalities (e.g. ENR) 10-Point Agreement (2011)

30. 9. MPA Awards to be continued and forum lead- ups 10. State of the Coasts Reports to target provincial level (15 -number of provinces to be determined based on commitments by MSN partners) 10-Point Agreement (2011)

32. DOST-PCAMRD & RESILIENT SEAS Program Partners MPA Support Network, CRTR Dave & Lucille Packard Foundation USAID & GIZ Coral Triangle Initiative – CTSP CI, WWF Partners & NCC DENR, DA-BFAR All our partners especially DOST- PAGASA, Manila Observatory, NAMRIA Thank You Fish-BE with you… photo by WYLicuanan