2. Congress of Vienna- Legacy of Napoleon Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French Domination Napoleonic Code Awakened feelings of national pride and growth of nationalism

3. Congress of Vienna- Legacy of Congress of Vienna Balance of power- no country should dominate Europe Restoration of monarchs- legitimacy New Political Map- New boundaries New Philosophies- Conservatives and liberals

4. Rise of Nationalism National Pride, economic competition, and democratic ideals stimulated the growth of nationalism Congress of Vienna- led to discontent in Europe( did not include nationalists and liberals)

5. Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 Unsuccessful movements for independence and democracy by multiple countries. Started due to the Congress of Vienna

6. Italy Cavour- prime minister of Sardinia( organized unification of Italy) Victor Emmanuel II – King of Sardinia Garibaldi- Leader of the red shirts + united Southern Italy Papal states- last to join Italy

7. Germany Bismarck- prime minister of Prussia (responsible for the unification of Germany) Realpolitiks- do whatever it takes to get and hold power Franco- Prussian War led to the unification of Germany

8. Industrial Revolution Where- began in England because of its natural resources like coal and iron and the invention of the steam engine then spread to Europe and the U.S. Enclosure Movement- fence in common fields to use land for raising sheep or mass producing food- puts small farmers our of business Inventions- spinning jenny, steam engine(Watt), Cotton Gin (Whitney), process for making steel (Bessemer), small pox vaccine (Jenner), and rabies vaccine (Pature)

9. Industrial Revolution

10. Population- increased (more food, better medicine, and healthier diets) Standard of Living- Increased (products became more affordable- machine made) Working Conditions- long hours, dangerous, low pay, etc + preferred women and children(pay them less) Labor Unions- increased pay and improve working conditions + bargain with employers

11. Industrial Revolution Urbanization- movement of people to cities (crowded and unsanitary conditions) Environment- pollution Transportation- faster (railroad and steamboat) Women- increased demands for suffrage (right to vote) Children- expansion of education

12. Economic Theories- Capitalism Adam Smith- wrote Wealth of Nations Laissez-faire economics- the government doesn’t interfere in the economy Laws of supply and demand Competition Private ownership

13. Economic Theories- Socialism Government owns and operates major industries and small farms and businesses are privately owned

14. Economic Theories- Communism Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto Response to the injustices of capitalism (some people are poor while some are rich) Redistribute wealth Government owns and operates everything