1. Text Structures Cause and Effect Problem and Solution Description Sequence Compare and Contrast

2. Cause and Effect Example Cause: When I was a child, I was carelessly jumping up on a windowsill on our back porch. Effect: My arm went through the window and was cut.

3. Problem and Solution Example Problem: My arm went through the window and was cut. Solution: I had to get about ten stitches.

4. Sequence Example How to wrap a present: 1)Roll out the wrapping paper on a flat surface 2)Place the gift in a box 3)Carefully cut out the paper so it is big enough to cover the box 4)Bring the sides of the paper together and use transparent tape to join the edges 5)Top with a bow

5. Compare and Contrast Example Compare: Both students were boys. Contrast: Joe was a lazy boy. Carl was studious.

6. Description Example On one corner of my dresser sits a smiling toy clown on a tiny unicycle--a gift I received last Christmas from a close friend. The clown's short yellow hair, made of yarn, covers its ears but is parted above the eyes. The blue eyes are outlined in black with thin, dark lashes flowing from the brows. It has cherry-red cheeks, nose, and lips, and its broad grin disappears into the wide, white ruffle around its neck.