1. Chapter 5 Review PowerPoint

2. Characteristics of the Civil Rights Movement

3. Characteristics of the
Civil Rights Movement
Non-violent protest
Utilization of legislation to eliminate barriers
strong leadership…MLK etc
Organized, grass root workers

4. Civil Rights Act of 1964

5. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended discrimination by employers and by places of public service
An attempt to eliminate de facto discrimination

6. Brown v. Board of Education

7. Brown v. Board of Education
“Separate but Equal” cast down
ended racial segregation in schools
Equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
an attempt to eliminate de facto discrimination

8. De jure discrimination

9. De jure discrimination
at attempt to eliminate discrimination that is based within our LAWS,
that discrimination which is a proven fact…because it is written down.

10. De facto discrimination

11. De facto discrimination
Discrimination based on race, religion, sex, ethnicity, etc. that is within our culture and centered within economic & social biases

12. The Strict Scrutiny Test

13. The Strict Scrutiny Test
Used to judge any law that attempts to use racial or ethnic classifications

14. University of Ca. Regents v. Bakke (1978)

15. University of Ca. Regents v. Bakke (1978)
Alan Bakke, white, denied entrance to medical school on the basis is of race-based quota
several minorities admitted with lower scores
Decision: Quotas were unconstitutional, but quotas could be used to create a more diverse student population

16. What was “Busing”?

17. What was “Busing”?
Shipping students from the school in one area to another area, with the attempt to desegregate schools, faster than society was doing it.
A forced attempt at de facto desegregation
S.C. decisions have limited the crossing of boundaries, allowed the insulation of predominantly white districts
not supported by most white Americans, congress, the president, most governors.

18. Redlining

19. Redlining result of the Civil Rights Act (1968)
banned banks giving mortgages based on where the home is
Now, where one lives, does not disqualify someone from getting a mortgage

20. Affirmative Action

21. Affirmative Action an attempt to eliminate de facto discrimination
blamed for “reverse discrimination”
Created a quota system for education based on one’s race or ethnicity

22. Reasonable Basis test

23. Reasonable Basis test
Court test to laws that treat individuals unequally
Such laws may be held constitutional, if its purpose is held to “reasonably” related to a legitimate government interest
Gives the government the benefit of the doubt regarding some laws

24. The Fourteenth Amendment

25. The Fourteenth Amendment
Used to stop discrimination
applies to the government
Used by the Supreme Court to apply the issue of civil rights to the states, and beyond the federal government
Does not apply to Wal-mart
or any other business practice

26. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg
Country Board of Education (1971)

27. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg
Country Board of Education (1971)
Busing of children an appropriate way to integrate schools that were segregated because of past discrimination
applied to the North
triggered violent & massive protests

28. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

29. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Congress introduces the amendment
Intent was to specifically give equal rights to women, (banned based on sex)
Fails, revised several times, still fails
Resurrected in the early 1970
fails by three states

30. The Twenty-fourth Amendment

31. The Twenty-fourth Amendment
Addressed to eliminate the use of the Poll Tax in voting discrimination
Ratified January 1964
Similar date to Civil Rights Act

32. Equal Pay Act of 1963

33. Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibits sex discrimination in salary and wages
Education Amendment added in 1972, prohibits sex discrimination in education

34. Adarand v. Pena (1995)

35. Adarand v. Pena (1995)
Adarand Constructors; federal contract awarded to a Hispanic owned company, even though Adarand submitted a lower bid
Decision; Adarand’s favor, reversing Fullilove
outlawed rules that give firm’s an advantage, simply because the owner’s race is that of a people historically discriminated against
remedy must be “narrowly tailored” to the situation
end of an era.

36. Family & Medical Leave Act (1993)

37. Family & Medical Leave Act (1993)
provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for employees to care for a new born baby or severely ill family member
Helps establish the idea of comparable worth;
wage scales are set that women and men get equal pay for jobs that involve a similar level of difficulty and require a similar level of training or pay.

38. Grutler v. Bollinger

39. Grutler v. Bollinger U of M’s law school admissions
decision: 5-4 upheld law school’s program
it was applied in a limited & sensible manner and furthered Michigan’s “compelling interest in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body”.
Affirmative action upheld, but narrow win means it’s not over yet.

40. The End
I know this is a different type of review, but it covers most if not all of the information necessary for Chapter 5 test