1. Bone Disorders Honors Anatomy & Physiology Ms. Susan Chabot

2. Categories of Bone Disorders Nutritional Cancer Aging process Trauma Infection Genetic/Congenital Abnormalities Endocrine problems

3. Nutritional problems Osteomalacia: – softening of bones due to decreased mineral content. – Inadequate amount of calcium salts are not laid in the bone matrix. Rickets: –softening of bone due to calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency.

4. Cancer Osteosarcoma: – Develops from osteoblasts. – Effects teens when experiencing a growth spurt. – Boys more likely to develop than girls. – Most commonly in the leg.

5. Aging Process Osteopenia: –proper term for osteoporosis. –main symptom is translucency of bones on an X-ray.

6. Trauma Fractures

7. Infection Osteomyelitis : –Infection of the bone. –Develops after severe local trauma with an associated open fracture.

8. Genetic/Anatomical problems Cleft palate: –Occurs due to random mutation or vitamin deficiency. –Failure of the maxilla/palatine to completely fuse during fetal development. –Surgical correction is possible.

9. Spina bifida : –neural tube defect; failure of vertebrae to fuse during fetal development. –severity of disorder is dependent on location of opening; the lower the opening the better for functionality.

10. Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) Bone forms in muscles, tendons, ligaments and other connective tissues. Bridges of extra bone develop across joints, progressively restricting movement and forming a second skeleton that imprisons the body in bone.

11. Genetic/Physiological problems Marfan’s syndrome : –typically very tall or taller than unaffected people in their family. –slender and loose jointed. –roof of the mouth may be arched, causing the teeth to be crowded. –sternum (breastbone) that is either protruding or indented –curvature of the spine (scoliosis) –flat feet.

12. Achondroplasia : –most common form of short- limb dwarfism. –characteristic features (apparent at birth) facial features disproportionate short stature proximal ends of the limbs shorten. final adult height is in the range of 4 feet.

13. Osteogenesis imperfecta: –Causes bones to break easily despite good nutrition. –Genetic disorder which results in: fragile bones low bone mass limb deformities due to no/poor quality of collagen

14. Endocrine problems: TOO MUCH Acromegaly : Due to the over secretion of Growth hormone after puberty has ended. Gigantism : Due to the over secretion of Growth hormone before puberty has ended.

15. Endocrine problems: TOO LITTLE Pituitary Dwarfism : Due to the UNDER secretion of Growth hormone.