1. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

2. Introduction
musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system) is an organ system that gives animals (including humans) the ability to move using the muscular and skeletal systems.
The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body.

3. It is made up of the body's bones (the skeleton), muscles, cartilage,tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together.
Its primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs

4. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

5. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR MUSCLES IN THE BODY

6. TERMS USED COMBINING WORDS MEANING EXAMPLES Arthr/o joint arthroscopy
Chondr/o
cartilage
chondroma
Cost/o
rib
costochondritis
Crani/o
skull
craniotomy
Ligament/o
ligament
ligamentous
My/o
muscle
myosarcoma
Myel/o
Bone marrow
myelodysplasia
Spondyl/o
vertebra
intervertebral
Tendin/o
Tendon
tendinitis
Myos/o
myositis

7. Ankylosing spondylitis Carpal tunnel syndrome Gouty arthritis
Pathological terms
Ankylosing spondylitis
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Gouty arthritis
Muscular dystrophy
Osteoporosis
Rheumatoid arthritis

8. Ankylosing spondylitis: is a long-term disease that causes inflammation of the joints between the spinal bones, and the joints between the spine and pelvis. It eventually causes the affected spinal bones to join together.
Carpal tunnel syndrome: is pressure on the median nerve -- the nerve in the wrist that supplies feeling and movement to parts of the hand. It can lead to numbness, tingling, weakness, or muscle damage in the hand and finger

9. Ankylosing spondylitis

10. Muscular dystrophy : is a group of inherited disorders that involve muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue, which get worse over time.
Osteoporosis: is the thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time. There are no symptoms in the early stages of the disease.

11. Rheumatoid arthritis
is a long-term disease that leads to inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues.

12. Osteoporosis

13. Diagnostic procedures
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test
Arthrocentesis
Arthrography
Bone scan
Calcium

14. Electromyography (EMG)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Muscle biopsy
Bone density test
Uric acid test

15. Treatment procedures Arthroplasty Endoscopic diskectomy Laminectomy
Microscopic diskectomy
Vertebroplasty

16. Abbreviations
NSAID
ROM IM
C1-C7
L1-L5
T1-T12 Ca
Ortho PT