2. THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

3. Read What If The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery? Read pages 116–117 of your textbook and answer the questions on the following slides. Read What If The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery? Read pages 116–117 of your textbook and answer the questions on the following slides. The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery

4. 1.Why do you think Thomas Jefferson, who was a slaveholder, wanted to include this paragraph? 1.Why do you think Thomas Jefferson, who was a slaveholder, wanted to include this paragraph? The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery

5. 2.Would the course of American history have changed significantly if the Declaration of Independence had included Jefferson’s statement? If so, how? If not, why not? 2.Would the course of American history have changed significantly if the Declaration of Independence had included Jefferson’s statement? If so, how? If not, why not? Possible reasons: the colonies may not have united to throw off British rule, individual colonies may have struggled for their own independence, or slavery may have ended sooner than it actually did. Possible reasons: the colonies may not have united to throw off British rule, individual colonies may have struggled for their own independence, or slavery may have ended sooner than it actually did. The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery CA HI2, HI3, HI4

6. Why did the founders not make provisions in the constitution? It was a dying practice at the time! It was a dying practice at the time! Until the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 by Eli Whitney Until the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 by Eli Whitney Made southern plantations larger and had more of a need for slave labor Made southern plantations larger and had more of a need for slave labor They called it a “necessary evil” They called it a “necessary evil” Made slavery part of southern culture and increased the population Made slavery part of southern culture and increased the population

7. Society after Independence Second Great Awakening and social reform Second Great Awakening and social reform Changes in rehabilitation-hospitals and prisons Changes in rehabilitation-hospitals and prisons Temperance movement-prohibition Temperance movement-prohibition Women’s rights-suffrage movement Women’s rights-suffrage movement Public education instituted Public education instituted Abolition movement Abolition movement

8. American Expansion/Missouri Compromise of 1820 Conflict between north and south when states were added to American territory Conflict between north and south when states were added to American territory Would the new state be a free or slave state? Would the new state be a free or slave state? Missouri Compromise, 1820 Missouri Compromise, 1820 Compromise that made Missouri a slave state and Maine a free state Compromise that made Missouri a slave state and Maine a free state

10. Deep Rooted Differences North South North South Abolitionists Slavery Vocal northerners who called The 1/3 population who For immediate freedom and claimed they needed Political rights for blacks slavery for the ag. based economy. Thought it would bring chaos to the south. economy. Thought it would bring chaos to the south.

11. NorthSouth Industry/city Cotton/Ag./country 1860 northern states South's provided 3/4 contained 4/5 of U.S. of worlds cotton. No factories and 2/3 of cities needed or Nations R.R. mileage wanted. Progress/ Change Tradition People were forced to Well-mannered and proud change due to industry. of their traditional slow Embraced change and way of life. No need for the future. Change in their society.

12. NorthSouth Union PreservationStates Rights States did not have the Believed the Union right to break up the was a collection of greatest democratic sovereign states. experiment the world Viewed the North has ever known. as invaders, so they left the union. left the union.

13. Compromise of 1850 Gave Texas $10 million to abandon eastern New Mexico territory Gave Texas $10 million to abandon eastern New Mexico territory New Mexico was split into two territories and made slave or free by popular sovereignty basis New Mexico was split into two territories and made slave or free by popular sovereignty basis Made California a free state Made California a free state Expansion of slavery still unsolved Expansion of slavery still unsolved

14. II.Slavery and Western Expansion (pages 195–198)

15. Dred Scott Decision, 1854 Dred Scott, a slave moved to a free state, Illinois, with his master Dred Scott, a slave moved to a free state, Illinois, with his master His master died and he sued for freedom His master died and he sued for freedom The case reached the supreme court and he denied a hearing because he was not a citizen The case reached the supreme court and he denied a hearing because he was not a citizen This outraged abolitionists This outraged abolitionists

16. Kansas/Nebraska Act(1854) Act organized Kansas and Nebraska to be divided into territories on the basis of popular sovereignty. The new states would be received into the Union with or without slavery, as outlined in their state constitution at the time of their admission. Act organized Kansas and Nebraska to be divided into territories on the basis of popular sovereignty. The new states would be received into the Union with or without slavery, as outlined in their state constitution at the time of their admission. Northerners quickly moved to the territory to create an antislavery majority. Northerners quickly moved to the territory to create an antislavery majority. Pro-slavery Missourians also hurried to Kansas. They voted illegally to elect a pre-slavery legislature. Pro-slavery Missourians also hurried to Kansas. They voted illegally to elect a pre-slavery legislature. In response, antislavery settlers held a convention and wrote a constitution that excluded slavery. Then, Kansas had two governments In response, antislavery settlers held a convention and wrote a constitution that excluded slavery. Then, Kansas had two governments This later led to the John’s Brown raid and the first bloodshed of the Civil War. This later led to the John’s Brown raid and the first bloodshed of the Civil War.

18. Emancipation Proclamation “Slaves within any state, or designated part of a state… shall be forever free. January 1 st, 1863 During the Civil War. “Slaves within any state, or designated part of a state… shall be forever free. January 1 st, 1863 During the Civil War. This was the Forefather for the 13 th Amendment outlawing slavery in1865. This was the Forefather for the 13 th Amendment outlawing slavery in1865. 200,000 slaves left the South to fight alongside the union troops in the North. 200,000 slaves left the South to fight alongside the union troops in the North. Main Cause of Civil War was slavery  economics, also about power State vs. Federal Main Cause of Civil War was slavery  economics, also about power State vs. Federal

19. Reconstruction 1865-1877 Arguable that the Civil Rights movement started after Civil War and is still happening today. Arguable that the Civil Rights movement started after Civil War and is still happening today. Lincoln’s goal was to reconcile with the S., instead of punishing if for treason. Lincoln’s goal was to reconcile with the S., instead of punishing if for treason. Originally became more of a battle of who had power the Congress (states) or the President ( Federal). Originally became more of a battle of who had power the Congress (states) or the President ( Federal). 1 st Reconstruction Act set up military districts to enforce Federal laws. 1 st Reconstruction Act set up military districts to enforce Federal laws. 13 th Amendment (1865) abolished slavery. 13 th Amendment (1865) abolished slavery. 14 th Amendment All person except Native American Indians citizenship. Enabled “due process” under law. 14 th Amendment All person except Native American Indians citizenship. Enabled “due process” under law. 15 th Amendment all citizens could vote. 15 th Amendment all citizens could vote.

20. Reconstruction Overview Southern states allowed back into the Union with ratification of New Constitution including 13, 14 and 15 Amendments. Once ratified federal troops withdrew. Southern states allowed back into the Union with ratification of New Constitution including 13, 14 and 15 Amendments. Once ratified federal troops withdrew. Civil Rights Act of 1875 Gave all people equal accommodations under the law: Inns, RR, Boats, Theaters, Not Schools Civil Rights Act of 1875 Gave all people equal accommodations under the law: Inns, RR, Boats, Theaters, Not Schools 1883 it was declared unconstitutional because it lacked federal backing. 1883 it was declared unconstitutional because it lacked federal backing.

22. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson (R) 1868 Power Struggle-Johnson (federal) vs. Congress (State) Power Struggle-Johnson (federal) vs. Congress (State) Johnson vs. Congress Johnson vs. Congress Northerners wanted to reconstruct south Northerners wanted to reconstruct south Southerners wanted revenge against the north Southerners wanted revenge against the north Nothing to do with Civil rights. Nothing to do with Civil rights. Impeachment 1 vote short (35-19) of removing him from office. Impeachment 1 vote short (35-19) of removing him from office.

23. Supremacy Groups Several southern supremacy groups unhappy with policies of Reconstruction. Several southern supremacy groups unhappy with policies of Reconstruction. KKK patterned after college fraternity (Kappa Alpha) sheets represented the confederate dead. They basically became a terrorists group. KKK patterned after college fraternity (Kappa Alpha) sheets represented the confederate dead. They basically became a terrorists group. Lead to “force bills” violating civil rights became a federal offense. Lead to “force bills” violating civil rights became a federal offense. Between 1882-1901 some 2000 African-Americans were lynched Between 1882-1901 some 2000 African-Americans were lynched

24. Compromise of 1877 Reconstruction Ended  Broken Promises Flawed Electoral College Flawed Electoral College Tilden received 51% of vote. (184 electoral votes) Tilden received 51% of vote. (184 electoral votes) Hayes received 48% of vote. (166 electoral votes) Hayes received 48% of vote. (166 electoral votes) 19 votes still to be decided. Republicans gave votes to Hayes in exchange for the removal of Federal Troops. 19 votes still to be decided. Republicans gave votes to Hayes in exchange for the removal of Federal Troops. No federal troops to enforce laws everything went backwards thus ending reconstruction. No federal troops to enforce laws everything went backwards thus ending reconstruction.

25. Electoral Vote Breakdown