1. Homer: The Odyssey (Volume A)

2. Homer (8th century B.C.E. )

3. Mycenean Greece and the Orient

4. Trojans/ Troy Myceneans syllabary language Bronze Age

5. Map for the Odyssey

6. length content: historic, mythic motifs divine intervention heroic flaw orality and performance, writing language magical or legendary objects Elements of Epic Writing

7. in media res (“Of the cunning hero…After he plundered Troy’s sacred heights” I:2–3) invocation (“Speak, Memory” I:1) epic/ Homeric simile epithet (“Dawn’s pale rose fingers”) ekphrasis Literary Devices

8. Background “andra” (man) females: Calypso, Sirens, Scylla, Penelope, Circe, Nausicaa mythical lands: Lotus Eaters, Cyclopes, Phaeacia real places: Sparta, Ithaca

9. Eris

10. Odysseus (angry, hated, cursed) Polyphemus (much-named) Penelope (duck face) Telemachus (distant fighter) Circe (bird) Nausicaa (burner of ships) Naming Conventions

11. glory (kleos) reciprocity (negative reciprocity) (charis) valor guest–host hospitality (xenia) loyalty, piety, filial respect (eusebeia) duty (aidos) Ancient Greek Values

12. Cyclopes

13. Test of the Bow

14. “Start carrying out the bodies, and have the women help you…when you have set the house in order, take the women outside…slash them with swords until they have forgotten their secret lovemaking with the suitors” (XXII: 462–69). “These women, their heads hanging in a row, the cable looped around each of their necks. It was a most piteous death” (XXII: 494–96). Execution of the Maids

15. The Conjugal Bed

16. How do ancient Greek values of heroism and appropriate behavior compare to those promoted in other ancient works and in your current culture? Discussion Questions

17. Are women, according to Homer’s epic, to be trusted, cherished, feared, or treated as possessions? How does this compare to the treatment of women in other ancient epics, as in Gilgamesh and the Ramayana? Discussion Questions

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