1. Music of the 20 th Century Impressionism Expressionism Jazz Minimalism Aleatory (Chance) Neo-Classicism

2. Impressionism  Focused on mood and atmosphere rather than strong emotion or storyline  Musical impressionism occurred as a reaction to the excesses of the Romantic era

3. Impressionist art

4. Impressionist Composers  Debussy, Ravel, Satie, Albeniz, Saint- Saens, Bill Evans (jazz pianist)

5. Expressionism  The tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect  Its goals were not to create passive impressions and moods, but to strongly express (hence the name) intense feelings and emotions  The primary expressionist musical movement was atonality

6. Expressionist Art

7. Atonality  Describes music that does not use a tonal centre or key  Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Anton Webern

8. Minimalism  Minimalist music is stripped down to its most fundamental features and core self expression  Reiteration of musical phrases or smaller units such as figures, motifs, and cells, with subtle, gradual, and/or infrequent variation (no musical development) over long periods of time, possibly limited to simple repetition  Stasis, often in the form of drones, pulses, and/or long tones

9. Minimalist Art

10. Minimalist Composers  Philip Glass, Steve Reich

11. Aleatoric Music  Music in which some element of the composition is left to chance or some primary element of a composed work's realization is left to the determination of its performer

12. Neo-Classicism  This movement started in the early 1920s and continued to be a leading musical movement throughout the century. This trend is still popular today. Neo-Classicism is a movement which incorporated the music of the Classical era, in terms of clarity of texture and objectivity  Stravinsky