1. Research Methods in Translation and Interpreting Studies I
Cohesion

2. Cohesion Cohesion Coherence
“the network of lexical, grammatical, and other relations which provide links between various parts of a text” (Baker 1992:181)
“the ways in which the components of the surface text, i.e. the actual words we hear or see, are mutually connected within a sequence” (Beaugrande & Dressler 1981:3)
Coherence
“the ways in which the components of the textual world, i.e., the configuration of concepts and relations which underlie the surface text, are mutually accessible and relevant” (Beaugrande & Dressler 1981:4)

3. Cohesion Cohesive devices (Halliday & Hasan 1976)
Reference
Substitution
Ellipsis
Conjunction
Lexical cohesion
Other approaches (Beaugrande & Dressler 1981; Hoey 1988,1991)

4. Cohesion
Reference
“the relationship of identity which holds between two linguistic expressions” (Baker 1992:181)
Mrs Thatcher has resigned. She announced her decision this morning (Personal reference: pronouns)
Mrs Thatcher has resigned. This delighted her opponents (items such as this, those, the)

5. Cohesion Co-reference Not strictly textual
Chain of co-textual elements
Mrs Thatcher – The Prime Minister – The Iron Lady - Maggie

6. Cohesion Continuum of cohesive elements of reference Repetition
Synonym
Superordinate
General Word
Pronominal Reference

7. Cohesion Substitution
an item (or items) is replaced by another item (or items). In English do, one and the same are common.
I like movies.
And I do.

8. Cohesion Ellipsis In ellipsis an item is replaced by nothing
Joan bought some carnations, and Catherine some sweet peas (ellipted item: bought in second clause).

9. Cohesion
Conjunction
“the use of formal markers to relate sentences, clauses and paragraphs to each other” (Baker 1992:190)
Additive
Adversative
Causal
Temporal
Continuatives (misc.)

10. Cohesion Lexical cohesion
“the role played by the selection of vocabulary in organizing relations within a text” (Baker 1992:202)
Reiteration
Collocation
Lexical chains (Socialism, Communist, East)

11. Cohesion Shifts of cohesion In translation (Blum-Kulka 1986)
Shifts in levels of explicitness (explicitation hypothesis)
Shifts in text meaning
In simultaneous interpreting (Shlesinger 1995)
Analysis of cohesive ties

12. Cohesion
References
Alexieva, Bistra (2001) ‘Interpreter-Mediated TV Live Interviews’, in Yves Gambier and Henrik Gottlieb (eds) (Multi)Media Translation, Amsterdam & Philadephia: John Benjamins,
Blum-Kulka, Shoshana (1986) ‘Shifts of cohesion and coherence in translation’. In Juliane House & Shoshana Blum‑Kulka (eds.) Interlingual and Intercultural Communication: Discourse and Cognition in Translation and Second Language Acquisition Studies. Tübingen: Gunter Narr,
Brown, Gillian and George Yule (1983) Discourse Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

13. Cohesion References (cont.)
Chen, Wallace (2006) Explicitation of Connectives in Translated Chinese – A Corpus-based Study. Doctoral Dissertation, Manchester: Centre for Translation & Intercultural Studies, University of Manchester.
Chueca Moncayo, Fernando J. (2005) ‘The Textual Function of Terminology in Business and Finance Discourse’, JoSTrans - The Journal of Specialised Translation 3 (Online):
Collet, Tanja (2004) ‘What’s a term? An attempt to define the term within the theoretical framework of text linguistics’, Linguistica Antverpiensia NS3:

14. Cohesion
References (cont.)
De Beaugrande, Robert and Wolfgang Dressler (eds) (1981) Introduction to Text Linguistics, London & New York: Longman.
Halliday, M.A.K. and R. Hasan (1976) Cohesion in English, London & New York: Longman.
Hoey, Michael (1991) Patterns of Lexis in Text, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Károly, Krisztina and Kinga Klaudy (2000) ‘The Text-organizing Function of Lexical Repetition in Translation’, in Maeve Olohan (ed) Intercultural Faultlines. Research Methods in Translation Studies I: Textual and Cognitive Aspects, Manchester: St. Jerome,

15. Cohesion References (cont.)
Kirk, Sung Hee (2005) Cohesion Shifts in English-Korean Translation. Doctoral Dissertation, Manchester: University of Manchester, Centre for Translation & Intercultural Studies.
Krein-Kühle, Monika (2002) ‘Cohesion and Coherence in Technical Translation: The Case of Demonstrative Reference’, Linguistica Antverpiensia NS1:
Lotfipour-Saedi, K. (1997) ‘Lexical Cohesion and Translation Equivalence’, Meta 42(1):
Shlesinger, Miriam (1995) ‘Shifts in Cohesion in Simultaneous Interpreting’, The Translator 1(2):