1. Organic Molecules “macromolecules, organic compounds”

2. Organic Molecule Foldable Elements found in carbohydrates Building blocks of carbohydrates Uses for carbohydrates within organisms Names of example carbohydrates

3. Elements found in Carbohydrates Carbohydrates: CHO Carbon - C Hydrogen - H Oxygen - O

4. Building Blocks of Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide

5. Uses for Carbohydrates Provide energy to living organisms

6. Names of example carbohydrates Monosaccharide a. glucose, fructose, galactose Disaccharide a. sucrose Polysaccharide a. starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen

7. Organic Molecule Foldable Elements found in lipidsBuilding blocks and structure of lipids Uses for lipids within organisms Names of example lipids

8. Elements found in Lipids Lipids - CHO Carbon - C Hydrogen - H Oxygen - O

9. Building Blocks and Structure of Lipids Fatty acids a. saturated b. unsaturated Fatty acid

10. Lipid Structure Triglycerides – 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol a. saturated b. unsaturated Phospholipids – 2 fatty acids + 1 glycerol Wax – long fatty acid chain + long alcohol chain

11. Steroids Made of 4 fused carbon rings instead of fatty acids a. have various attached functional groups

12. Uses for Lipids within organisms DO NOT DISSOLVE IN H 2 O (hydrophobic and insoluble) Protection, insulation, energy storage

13. Names of example Lipids Steroids a. cholesterol b. testosterone Phospholipids a. lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) Triglycerides a. trilauroylglycerol

14. Organic Molecule Foldable Elements found in proteins Building blocks of proteins Uses for proteins within organisms Names of example proteins

15. Elements found in Proteins Proteins - CHON Carbon - C Hydrogen - H Oxygen - O Nitrogen - N

16. Building Blocks of Proteins Amino acids 20 different amino acids alanine arginineasparagineaspartic acid cysteine glutamine glutamic acidglycinehistidine isoleucine leucine lysinemethioninephenylalanine proline serine threoninetryptophantyrosine valine Amino acid

17. Basic Structure of an Amino Acid Amine Group (NH 2 ) Carboxylic Acid (COOH ) Side Group

19. Uses for Proteins in Organisms provide SHAPE and SUPPORT Muscle, movement

20. Names of example Proteins Hormones Enzymes Antibodies Hemoglobin Carrier proteins Insulin

21. Organic Molecule Foldable Elements found in nucleic acids Building blocks of nucleic acids Uses for nucleic acids within organisms Names of example nucleic acids

22. Elements found in Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids - CHON Carbon - C Hydrogen - H Oxygen - O Nitrogen - N

23. Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids nucleotides

24. Nucleotides for DNA & RNA

25. How Nucleotides Bond Covalent Bonds

26. Uses for Nucleic Acids in Organisms Stores important information in the cell Creates important structures (proteins) within the cell

27. Names of Example Nucleic Acids DNA RNA

28. Organic Molecules Summary CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS Contain: CHO Building Blocks: monosaccharides disaccharides Polysaccharides Used: to provide energy to living organisms Examples: Mono- glucose, fructose, galactose Di- sucrose Poly- glycogen, chitin, starch, cellulose Contain: CHO Building Blocks: fatty acids arranged as triglycerides, phospholipids, wax; includes steriods Used: to provide protection, insulation and energy storage Examples: trilauroylglycerol; lecithin; cholesterol, testosterone Contain: CHON Building Blocks: amino acids – there are 20 different ones Used: to provide shape and support Examples: hormones, hemoglobin, insulin, enzymes Contain: CHON Building Blocks: nucleotides – adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil Used: stores important information in the cell, codes for proteins Examples: DNA, RNA