1. Introduction and Orientation Sept. 10, 2009 C. Burns 1

2.  Study of structures of organisms and relationships among structures. Sept. 10, 2009C. Burns2

3.  Study of structure of human organisms and relationships among structures.  Mammals similar to human  Comparison useful to illustrate functional & evolutionary significance of human structure. ◦ Shared features, with differences  vertebral column  gluteal muscles  frontal lobe of cerebrum Sept. 10, 2009C. Burns3

4.  Study of functional "nature" of organisms  Normal function of an organism or cell. Sept. 10, 2009C. Burns4

5.  Organization  Life organized in hierarchy of levels ◦ Smaller levels included within larger ◦ Certain phenomena unique to each level  Metabolism ◦ Take in & use energy and material ◦ Responsiveness to stimuli ◦ Movement ◦ Growth ◦ Reproduction (DNA, RNA) ◦ Adaptability  short-term = acclimation, homeostasis  long-term = adaptation, evolution Sept. 10, 20095

6. C. Burns6

7.  Levels of Structural Organization Include: Atoms- tiny blocks of matter that combine to form molecules such as water, sugar and proteins. Molecules- particle consisting of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Cells- the smallest units of all living things. Tissues- consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function. Example: muscle tissue. Organ- a structure that is composed of 2 or more tissue types and performs a specific function for the body. Example: small intestine. Organ System- a group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose. Example: digestive system. Organism-the highest level of structural organization, an individual living thing. Sept 10 2209A&P_intro.ppt7