1. 《高中英语》 选修 ( 模块） 9- 3.7

2. Leaning about Language Discovering useful words and expressions

3. Complete the sentences with words below. 1. The majority of Australians are ______________ from many different __________________. In fact, the only _________ whose ancestors have lived here for more than 200 hundred years are __________ people. Most Australians believe that having people from so many different ___________________ creates ________ and _________ and makes Australia a stronger _________ and a more interesting place to live. backgrounds nation citizens tolerance Aboriginal homelands migrants respect citizens / migrants Aboriginal citizens nations / backgrounds respect nations / backgrounds/ homelands tolerancenation

4. 2. Read the paragraph below, paying particular attention to the underlined words, some of which may be new to you. Try to work out the definitions of these words and write them down in the second column. Then check your answer using an English- English dictionary and write the dictionary definitions in the third column. The first migrants arrived in Australia after a long voyage on small sailing ships. Life was very tough at first because they did not have adequate equipment or food. One of the first things they did was to dig the soil

5. and sow vegetable seeds. However, it wasn’t easy to grow enough food for everyone and in the first few years they faced starvation. Despite all the hardships of those early years, many of the migrants succeeded in building a good life for themselves. In the early days, There were not nearly as many women migrants as there were males, so many of the men remained bachelors. Many dreamed of having a wife who would share their life

6. and work alongside them as they built houses and established farms. Within a reasonably short time some had established large sheep farms and began to export meat and wool back to England. We know a lot about these early years of European settlement because most migrants corresponded with their families at home and many of their letters still survive. These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.

7. WordDictionary definition migrant a person who goes from one place to live in another ( also immigrants) adequate enough sow put seeds in the ground so they will grow hardship difficult or unpleasant condition of life bachelor an unmarried male correspond communicate by writing owe to need to pay or give sth. to sb. because they have given or lent sth to you

8. You will find it easier to learn English words in clusters. Read aloud the following words and write down as many words related to them as possible. Compare your lists with a partner. 3. Example: rain, rainbow, rainfall, rainy, raindrop, raincoat, rainforest, rainwater rain tax home rust time night autonomy defend tolerate celebrate nation city birth associate reserve way

9. tax: taxation, taxed, taxable, taxman, taxpayer home: homework, homely, homeland, homeless, homemaker, homecoming, homesick rust: rusty, rustproof time: timely, timing, timekeeper, timer, timepiece, timesaving, timetable, timeless

10. night: nightly, nighttime, goodnight, nightclothes, nightclub, nightfall autonomy: autonomous, autonomously defend: defense, defender, defenseless, defendant, defensive, defensible tolerate: tolerance, tolerant, toleration, tolerantly, tolerable, tolerably, tolerability nation: national, nationality, nationalize, nationally, nationalist, nationwide

11. city: citizen, citizenship, citywide, cityscape birth: birthplace, birthdate, birthday, birthplace, birthmark, birthright associate: association, associative, associated reserve: reservation, reserved way: pathway, roadway, waylay, wayside, wayworn

12. Leaning about Language Discovering useful structures

13. Read through this paragraph and underline all the predicative. 1. A kangaroo kept getting out of his enclosure at the zoo. Knowing that he was a good jumper, the zoo authorities increased the height of the fence around him, but, the next morning, the kangaroo was out of his enclosure again. So the keepers’ solution was to build an even higher barrier. However, the next morning, the result

14. was disappointing--- the kangaroo was not in his enclosure. The authorities, being desperate, increased the height of the fence again and again and it was soon over forty meters high. A camel in the next enclosure asked the kangaroo, “How high do you think they’ll go?” The kangaroo said, “ That's a good question. It seems to me, they’ll just keep going higher until somebody remembers to shut the gate at night!”

15. Underline the predicative in this conversation and then practice it with a partner. 2. KIM: The meat seems to be shrinking! SAM: Maybe there’s too much fat in it. KIM: What can I do? SAM: It’s probably the wrong kind of meat for a barbecue. The best thing is to cook it slowly.

16. KIM: You know, it smells strange too. SAM: Is it rotten? Let’s smell. Hey! This isn’t steak! KIM: So, what is it? SAM: Where did you get it? KIM: It was in the bottom of the fridge. SAM: Oh, no! That’s the dog's meat! SAM: Are you sure?

17. Exercise in the Workbook

18. Use clues to solve the crossword. 1. 4 an unmarried male 5 (preposition) through 7 a country with its own government, tradition, etc 10 relationship of air, water, land, animals and plants 11 amount of rain that falls 12 official plan adopted by a government or other organization bachelor via authority ecology rainfall policy

19. 1 money paid to the government 2 relating to central rather than local government 3 to put seeds into the ground 5 sour liquid made from wine 6 person or people in control of others 8 be in debt for something that has been given or lent 9 an important road tax federal sow vinegar authority owe highway

20. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition. 2. 1.If you associate _________ criminals, you are likely to get in trouble with the police too. 2._______ of respect for my family, I try to lead an honest life. 3.I have been comprehending _______ my penfreined for over five years now. with Out with

21. 4. We tried to talk Jim ______ changing his mind, but with no success. 5. That all Australians are blond and blue-eyed is far _______ the truth. Australians are many different races and almost every eye, hair and skin color is represented. 6. I am not responsible ______ keeping a record of the meeting. Jim is. into from for

22. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 3. defend/ defence/ defensive 1 We must take __________ action immediately to protect ourselves from the enemy. 2 I am taking karate lessons to learn how to ________ myself. 3 The villagers’ only ________ against the enemies were sticks and stones. defensive defend defence

23. 4 They fought ___________ against the wind to bring the boat into shelter before the storm broke. 5 There is a ___________ need to get food and blankets to the earthquake victim. 6 In __________ they jumped out the window of their fifth floor apartment to escape the fire. desperately/ desperation/ desperate desperately desperation desperate

24. tolerate / tolerant / tolerable / tolerance 7 Having friends at work is the only thing that makes my job __________. 8 I think his parents are far too _________ with him and that’s why he is so badly behaved. 9 I think you need to develop more ________ towards people who are different from you. 10 I can’t _______ his heat any more. I’m going inside where it’s cooler. tolerable tolerant tolerance tolerate

25. 11 I’m sorry you can’t sit there. This table is ________. 12 I would like to make a __________ for four people who are different from you. 13 I’m sorry I can’t go on Sunday. I always _______ Sunday for visiting my grandparents. reserve / reserved / reservation reserved reservation reserve

26. 14 If you change your mind about going on the tour, your deposit is not __________. 15 After they arrested him, the police went to the thief’s house to ________ the stolen jewellery. 16 After the accident his ________ was slow and he was in hospital for nearly six months. recover / recovery / recoverable recoverable recover recovery

27. Complete the paragraph with the words below. 3. My name is Steve Papas. Although my _________ is Greece, I have lived in Australia for a long time and I am now an Australian ________. Even though I haven’t visited my original _________ for 20 years, I am still proud of my Greek __________. I live in heritage birthplace homeland celebration fortnight citizen heritage homeland citizen birthplace

28. Melbourne where a lot of other Greek migrants live. As well as celebrating great events in Australia we hold _________ for Greek events too. When Greece won the 2004 European Soccer Championship, for example, we celebrated in Melbourne for a __________. celebration fortnight