1. 11/19/2015Copyright Ed Lipinski and Mesa Community College, 2003-2009. All rights reserved. 1 Research Methods Summer 2009 Choosing a Research Design

2. 2 Agenda General Housekeeping Assignments Lesson Objective Ed’s Overview / Discussion Questions.

3. 3 Objective “... to determine how to choose a research design”

4. 4 Ed’s Overview I.Functions of a Research Design II.Causal Versus Correlational III.Correlational Research IV. Experimental Research V. Internal and External Validity VI. Research Settings.

5. 5 I. Functions of a Research Design Focus of Research Exploratory Data Analysis Hypothesis Testing.

6. 6 II. Causal Versus Correlational A. Causal Relationship One Variable Directly Influences Another Causal-Comparative Research Preferred Methodology B. Correlational Relationship Variable Changes Are Related C. Difference Is Degree of Control.

7. 7 III. Correlational Research A. Characteristics B. Example of Such C. Causation and Correlation Third Variables Directionality D. Why Correlational? Data Gathering Inability to Manipulate Naturally Occurring Variables.

8. 8 III. Correlational Research E. Simple Correlation Relationship Between Weather and Mood “Measure” the Weather Measure Mood Calculate the Pearson r.

9. 9 III. Correlational Research Measuring Mood (Scale of 1 to 5) Happy / Sad Active / Passive Unfriendly / Friendly Bad / Good Busy / Lazy Unsatisfied / Satisfied Kind / Cruel.

10. 10 IV. Experimental Research… A. Characteristics B. Example of Such C. Strengths and Limitations D. Experiments Versus Demonstrations.

11. 11 IV. Experimental Research A. Characteristics Independent Variable Treatments Dependent Variable Experimental Group Control Group Extraneous Variables.

12. 12 IV. Experimental Research B. Example of Such How could we carry out BBVM Research? Manipulation of the I.V. Control Over Extraneous Other Potential Confounds.

13. 13 IV. Experimental Research C. Strengths and Limitation Identify Causal Relationships Can’t Be Used w/o I.V. Manipulation Causal – Comparative Research Control Over Extraneous Variables.

14. 14 IV. Experimental Research D. Experiments Versus Demonstrations Experiment w/o I.V. Good To Examine Conditions Example What makes this a demonstration? What can be concluded? How could this be an experiment? What are potential hypotheses?.

15. 15 V. Internal Versus External Validity A. Internal Validity Test What It Should I.V. Caused the D.V. Correlation, Not Extraneous Confounding Threats To Internal Validity Enhancing Internal Validity.

16. 16 V. Internal Versus External Validity B. External Validity Measure Is Consistent Threats To External Validity C. One Versus The Other Tend To Be Inversely Proportional Which Is More Important Large N, Good Controls.

17. 17 VI. Research Settings A. Laboratory Setting (Simulations) B. Realism C. Field Experiments.

18. 18 Recap I.Functions of a Research Design II.Causal Versus Correlational III.Correlational Research IV. Experimental Research V. Internal and External Validity VI. Research Settings.

19. 19 Choosing a Design Questions