2. Warm-Up “A major 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck southern Haiti in Jan 2010, knocking down buildings and power lines and inflicting a catastrophe for the Western Hemisphere's poorest nation.” …However, a 7.0 magnitude has also hit California without causing as much damage.  Why do you think Haiti had more damage even though the earthquake was the same intensity?  *Explain using a 5+ sentence paragraph

3. Haiti and Chile: A Tale of Two Earthquakes “The 8.8-magnitude earthquake that hit Chile early on Feb. 27 was 500 times stronger than the 7.0 quake that killed an estimated 200,000 Haitians last month. And yet the number of casualties in Chile appears to be exponentially smaller, with the official death toll still in the hundreds. Far fewer people were rendered homeless than in Haiti, and much of the telephone service in Santiago and parts of central Chile had been restored within five hours”

4. What type of destruction occurs from Earthquakes? LANDSLIDES FIRES TSUNAMIS

5. Destruction from Earthquakes Tsunamis: –A tsunami triggered by an earthquake occurs where a slab of the ocean floor is displaced vertically along a fault. –It can also occur when the vibration of a quake sets an underwater landslide in motion.

6. Landslides: –With many earthquakes, the greatest damage to structures is from landslides and ground subsidence, or the sinking of the ground triggered by vibrations. –Liquefaction occurs when soil loses its strength and behaves like a liquid, causing foundations to collapse.

7. Fires: –The greatest destruction is often caused by fires when gas and electrical lines are cut and water lines are also broken, so the fire can’t be stopped. –More than 100,000 people died in fires from a 1923 earthquake in Japan.

8. Announcements Last opportunity to complete Unit 2 Test corrections (after finishing Unit 3 Test) Tutoring after-school today (Thursday) from 2:30-4:30pm –Unit 3 Test Preparation –Unit 1, 2, & 3 Make-up assignments & labs Be sure to complete all unfinished review assignments & study, study, study!!!

9. Test Overview-50 Questions Layers of the Earth & Convection (10 Qs) Plate Boundaries (10 Qs) Volcanoes (10 Qs) Earthquake Anatomy (10 Qs) Earthquake Waves (10 Qs) Must complete all Unit 3 Review Assignments before test

10. Plate Tectonics/Pangaea Lithosphere ( crust + upper mantle ) Asthenosphere ( semi-solid mantle ) Crust (oceanic/continental) Mantle Convection currents (Density) Core Convergent Boundary ( mountains, subduction zone, ocean trenches, volcanoes ) Divergent Boundary ( oceanic ridges, rift valleys ) Transform Boundary (EQs) Elastic Rebound Theory Shield Volcano Cinder Cone Volcano Composite Cone Volcano Viscosity ( 3 factors ) Caldera Lava plateau Volcanic neck Pyroclastic materials Seismograph P waves ( primary ) S waves ( secondary ) Surface waves

11. LAYERED REVIEW C LEVEL: Vocabulary foldable & Review worksheet B LEVEL: (Choose one for 90pts) Cross-word, poster of Earth’s Layers, Rap/song/poem w/ vocab A LEVEL: (Choose one for 100pts) 10 MC questions, Review sheet (w/ all important info), Review game 10

13. Epicenter = S wave – P wave

14. Read units carefully (kilometers on top, miles on bottom) If the epicenter is 1500 miles away, the S wave and P wave are 4 minutes apart If the S wave and P wave are 5 minutes apart, the epicenter is 2000 miles away

15. A = Continental Crust B = Oceanic Crust C = Lithosphere D =Asthenosphere E = Mantle F = Outer Core G = Inner Core H = Crust

16. THIS IS

17. With Host... Your

18. 100110100 200 300 400 500 Layers of the Earth Convergen t Boundary Divergent Boundaries Transform Fault Boundaries Earthquakes 100

19. What is the thin, rocky, outermost layer of the Earth Layers of the Earth 100 question A 100

20. The Crust A 100

21. Layers of the Earth 200 Question A 200 Which layer of the Earth is solid and rocky but semi- solid in some areas due to high heat or low pressure?

22. The Mantle A 200

23. This is the major source of heat in the center of Earth, made up of iron-nickel A 300 Layers of the Earth 300 question

24. The Core A 300

25. Layers of the Earth 400 Question A 400 Which layer of Earth is semi-solid, where convection occurs, allowing the plates to move?

26. Asthenosphere A 400

27. This specific layer is made up of both the crust and uppermost mantle A 500 Layers of the Earth 500 Question

28. Lithosphere A 500

29. Convergent Boundaries100 question B 100 What plate motion do we see at convergent boundaries?

30. Plates collide/come together B 100

31. What 3 major geological features are associated with Convergent Boundaries? B 200 Convergent Boundary 200 Question

32. 1)Mountains 2)Volcanoes 3)Ocean Trenches B 200

33. What affect do Convergent Boundaries have on the Lithosphere/plate? B 300 Convergent Boundaries300 Question

34. Lithosphere is destroyed B 300

35. What is the specific name of the convergent boundary where oceanic crust is forced beneath continental crust, and lithosphere is destroyed? B 400 Convergent Boundaries 400 Question

36. Subduction Zone B 400

37. Name at least one real world example of a convergent boundary. B 500 Convergent Boundary500 Question

38. Hawaiian Islands Himalayan Mountains Appalachian Mountains B 500

39. Divergent Boundaries100 Question C 100 Describe the movement of plates at a divergent boundary.

40. Plates divide, split apart, separate C 100

41. Divergent Boundaries200 Question C 200 What is at least one major geologic feature that you would find at a divergent boundary?

42. Oceanic Ridge Rift Valley C 200

43. SURPRISE JEOPARDY! What type of volcano typically has a shorter lifespan with only 1 major eruption. This volcano is smaller with steeper sides. Divergent Boundary 300 Question C 300

44. Cinder Cone Volcano C 300

45. C 400 Divergent Boundary 400 Question How is new lithosphere created at a divergent boundary?

46. C 400 Rising magma cools and hardens into rock

47. C 500 Divergent Boundaries 500 Question JEOPARDY SURPRISE: How does viscosity effect the size of a volcanic eruption? (How does a more viscous and less viscous lava behave?)

48. More viscous lava will have a more violent eruption, exploding upwards. Less viscous lava will simply flow over the volcano’s edge, producing no major eruption C 500

49. Transform Fault Boundaries100 Question What plate movement do we see at transform fault boundaries? D 100

50. Plates slide/grind past each other

51. Transform Fault Boundary 200 Question Is lithosphere created or destroyed at a Transform Fault boundary? D 200

52. NIETHER!! It is neither created nor destroyed

53. Transform Fault Boundary300 What geologic process do we see at Transform Fault Boundaries? D 300

54. Earthquakes!

55. Transform Fault Boundary 400 What is the name of the large transform fault boundary in California? D 400

56. The San Andreas Fault D 400

57. Transform Fault Boundary 500 SURPRISE JEOPARDY: What three ways do Earthquakes result in major damage, apart from the actual shaking of the ground? D 500

58. Fires, landslides, and tsunamis D 500

59. How do the travel times of S waves and P waves compare? E 100 Earthquakes100

60. P waves travel faster than S waves OR P waves arrive first, S waves arrive second E 100

61. What are three other names for a P wave? E 200 Earthquakes 200

62. Push-Pull Wave Compressional Wave Primary Wave E 200

63. E 300 Earthquakes 300 What is the SP Time interval on the seismograph reading below? 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

64. 15-20 seconds E 300

65. What is the theory that describes the reasons why earthquakes occur? (What is the main cause of earthquakes?) E 400 Earthquakes 400

66. Elastic Rebound Hypothesis E 400

67. What is the difference in travel times (the S-P Interval) if the seismic station is 3000 kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake? E 500 Earthquakes 500

68. E 500 4.5 - 5.5 min