1. 1 It is Easy for Universities to Support Free Culture with Digital Libraries: The NDLTD Example Edward A. Fox (fox@vt.edu) Virginia Tech, USA FCDL 2005 – Atlanta Free Culture & the Digital Library October 14, 2005

2. 2 Outline Acknowledgements Message 5S Framework NDLTD as explained with 5S Selected Links, Summary

3. Acknowledgements: Support Adobe NDLTD NSF (IIS-9986089, 0080748, 0086227, 0325579; ITR-0325579; DUE-0121679, 0136690, 0121741, 0333601) OCLC UNESCO US Dept. Ed. (FIPSE) VT VTLS

4. 4 Message 1.If you are serious about Free Culture & DLs, being an active member of NDLTD is a “no brainer”, with clear benefits & real savings. 2.5S is a clear and precise framework that allows us to describe & discuss DLs. 3.5S description of NDLTD helps facilitate understanding of how beneficial and easy it is to further develop a free culture around ETDs.

5. 5 5S Layers Societies Scenarios Spaces Structures Streams

6. 6 5S Layers Societies Scenarios Spaces Structures Streams Fire Wood Earth Metal Water 5 Elements

7. 7 5Ss SsExamplesObjectives Streams Text; video; audio; image Describes properties of the DL content such as encoding and language for textual material or particular forms of multimedia data Structures Collection; catalog; hypertext; document; metadata Specifies organizational aspects of the DL content Spaces Measure; measurable, topological, vector, probabilistic Defines logical and presentational views of several DL components Scenarios Searching, browsing, recommending Details the behavior of DL services Societies Service managers, learners, teachers, etc. Defines managers, responsible for running DL services; actors, that use those services; and relationships among them

8. 8 Informal 5S & DL Definitions DLs are complex systems that help satisfy info needs of users (societies) provide info services (scenarios) organize info in usable ways (structures) present info in usable ways (spaces) communicate info with users (streams)

9. 9 Hypotheses A formal theory for DLs can be built based on 5S. The formalization can serve as a basis for modeling and building high- quality DLs.

10. 10 5S and DL formal definitions and compositions (April 2004 TOIS)

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13. 13 Tools/Applications

14. 14 Fox & Gonçalves Textbook Parts Ch. 1. Introduction (Motivation, Synopsis) Part 1 – The “Ss” Part 2 – Higher DL Constructs Part 3 – Advanced Topics Appendix

15. A Digital Library Case Study Domain: graduate education, research Genre: ETDs= electronic theses & dissertations Training (UNESCO, multilingual): www.etdguide.org Project: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (NDLTD, 501 c 3) www.ndltd.org

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17. 17 NDLTD Societies 1.Graduate students 2.General public (e.g., readers, citizens) 3.Board of Directors 4.Projects/Sponsors 5.Members 6.Researchers 7.Faculty, administrators, (digital) librarians, archivists, sponsors, publishers, …

18. 18 Board of Directors Suzie Allard (ETD 2004, U. Kentucky) Denise A. D. Bedford (World Bank) Julia C. Blixrud (ARL, SPARC) José Luis Borbinha (Natl Lib Portugal) Alex Byrne (ETD 2005, ADT: Australia) Tony Cargnelutti (ETD 2005, Australia) Vinod Chachra (VTLS) Susan Copeland (RGU, UK) Jude Edminster (Bowling Green St. U.) Scott Eldredge (Treasurer, ETD 2002, BYU) Edward A. Fox (Exec Director,Virginia Tech) John H. Hagen (West Virginia U.) Thomas B. Hickey (OCLC) Christine Jewell (U. Waterloo, Canada) Delphine Lewis (ProQuest) Joan K. Lippincott (CNI) Mike Looney (Adobe) Gail McMillan (Secretary, Virginia Tech) Joseph Moxley (ETD 2000, USF) Eva M ü ller (U. Uppsala, Sweden) Ana Pavani (PUC Rio, Brazil) Axel Plathe (UNESCO, Paris) Sharon Reeves (National Library Canada) Peter Schirmbacher (ETD 2003, Humboldt) Hussein Suleman (U.Cape Town, S. Africa) Shalini R. Urs (U. Mysore, India) Eric F. Van de Velde (ETD 2001, Caltech)

19. 19 Selected Projects / Sponsors Australia (ADT) Brazil (BDT, IBICT) Canada Catalunya Chile (Cybertesis) Germany India (Vidyanidhi) Korea OhioLINK: 79 colleges/univs Portugal (National Library) South Africa UK (British Library, JISC, Edinburgh, …) UNESCO (especially Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa) Venezuela

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21. 21 NDLTD Scenarios 1.Research using ETDs 2.Authoring an ETD 3.Submitting an ETD, reviewing, revising, finalizing, approving 4.Cataloging an ETD, indexing 5.Institutional repostorizing 6.Searching, browsing 7.Selecting, downloading, citing

22. 22 NDLTD Scenarios 8.Career of a graduate student 9.University graduate program 10.ETD activities worldwide 11.Free culture worldwide 12.Developing and deploying open source software and systems ETD-db DSpace, …

23. Student Gets Committee Signatures and Submits ETD Signed Grad School

24. Library Catalogs ETD, Access is Opened to the New Research WWW NDLTD

25. 25 NDLTD Spaces 1.Online learning space, offline book space 2.Locations, people, institutions, cultures 3.OAI-PMH sets of data providers and harvesting site / service providers 4.Interfaces for access to ETDs OCLC (OAI, Union Catalog, SRU) VT and CALIS using Open Digital Libraries VT research on implicit user models (w. Scirus) Scirus VTLS

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32. 32 OCLC SRU Interface

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34. 34 ETD Union Search Mirror Site in China (CALIS) (http://ndltd.calis.edu.cn – popular site!)

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38. 38 NDLTD Structures 1.Committees 2.Conference organization 3.Social networks 4.ETD Metadata Standard 5.Union Catalog 6.XML /SGML / HTML document structure

39. 39 NDLTD Streams 1.Document content 2.Bit streams connecting computers Not encrypted if free culture 3.Harvesting streams

40. 40 Why ETD? Short Answer For Students: –Gain knowledge and skills for the Information Age –Richer communication (digital information, multimedia, …) For Universities: –Easy way to enter the digital library field and benefit thereby For the World: –Global digital library – large, useful, many services General: –Save time and money –Increased visibility for all associated with research results

41. 41 Selected Links - http://fox.cs.vt.edu ETD Guide (UNESCO funding, multiple languages) –www.etdguide.org NDLTD (electronic theses and dissertations worldwide) –www.ndltd.org and etdguide.org OAI (Open Archives Initiative) –www.openarchives.org Virginia Tech Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL, www.dlib.vt.edu) –5S, AmericanSouth.Org, CSTC, DL-in-a-box, ENVISION, ETANA, MARIAN, NDLTD, NSDL, OAD, ODL, …)

42. 42 Summary 1.If you are serious about Free Culture & DLs, being an active member of NDLTD is a “no brainer”, with clear benefits & real savings. 2.5S is a clear and precise framework that allows us to describe & discuss DLs. 3.5S description of NDLTD helps facilitate understanding of how beneficial and easy it is to further develop a free culture around ETDs.

43. 43 Questions? Discussion? Thank You!