1. U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Program and Policy Update Location Asia 2007 Kowloon, Hong Kong September 13-14, 2007 Michael Shaw, Director U.S. National Coordination Office for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)

2. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 2 Introduction Like the Internet, GPS has become a critical component of the global information infrastructure –Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities –Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety, environmental, public security, and science Over the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) –Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and performance –Augmentations improve performance even further

3. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 3 Overview Current GPS Program and Augmentations Modernization Plans National Space-Based PNT Policy International Cooperation Summary

4. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 4 Current Constellation 15 Block II/IIA satellites operational 12 Block IIR satellites operational –Modernizing 5 remaining Block IIR satellites 3 Block IIR-M satellites operational –Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C) Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need –New IIR-M satellite launched – Nov 06 –Next launch: Sep 07 Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since 1993 30 Operational Satellites (Baseline Constellation: 24) 30 Operational Satellites (Baseline Constellation: 24)

5. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 5 GPS constellation – Delivering excellent performance

6. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 6 International Augmentations Differential GPS Networks International GNSS Service Global Differential GPS System Space-Based Augmentation Systems

7. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 7 GPS Modernization System-wide improvements in: –Accuracy –Availability –Integrity –Reliability Backward compatibility Robustness against interference Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use Interoperability with other GNSS constellations

8. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 8 GPS III Satellites Next-generation satellite needed to accommodate increasing power requirements –Development approach to reduce risk, increase flexibility –Separate contracts for space and ground segments –Acquisition processes for control segment /satellite are underway OCX Request for Proposal Released; contract award projected for Oct 07 GPS IIIA Request for Proposal Released; contract award projected for Jan 08 Civil benefits –Provides operational capability for second (L2C) and third (L5) civil signals In combination with GPS IIR-M and IIF satellites –Delivers L1C for interoperability with Galileo –Significant increase in system accuracy –Improved availability of accuracy with integrity

9. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 9 Modernized GPS – Civil Signals Second civil signal (“L2C”) –Designed to meet commercial needs Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction Higher effective power and improved data structure reduce interference, speed up signal acquisition, enable miniaturization of receivers, may enable indoor use –Began with GPS Block IIR-M in Sep 2005; 24 satellites: ~2014 Third civil signal (“L5”) –Designed to meet demanding requirements for transportation safety (safety-of-life) Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band –Begins with GPS Block IIF –First launch: ~2008; 24 satellites: ~2016 Fourth civil signal (“L1C”) –Designed with international partners to enable GNSS interoperability –Begins with GPS Block III –First launch: ~2013; 24 satellites: ~2021

10. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 10 GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS) Modernization Transitioning to new ground segment/system Architecture Evolution Plan (AEP) migrates OCS from mainframe to distributed architecture –Provides two new control stations New Module at Schriever AFB; New Alternate MCS (AMCS) at Vandenberg AFB AEP provides flexibility to incorporate future requirements –Command and control for IIF (1st launch scheduled for 2008) Modernization impacts every element of OCS architecture

11. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 11 United States Policy History 1983: President Reagan offers free civilian access to GPS 1996: President Clinton issues first U.S. GPS policy –Designates GPS a dual-use system under joint civil/military management 1997: Congress passes law requiring civil GPS to be provided free of direct user fees 2004: President Bush issues U.S. policy on space-based PNT

12. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 12 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy Recognizes the changing international scene –Other nations implementing space-based systems that provide PNT services National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee –Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportation –Membership includes: State, Commerce, Homeland Security, JCS and NASA Established National Coordination Office (NCO) a with staff from each member agency Updated policy retains 1996 principles

13. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 13 National Space-Based PNT Organizational Structure WHITE HOUSE NATIONAL SPACE-BASED PNT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation NATIONAL SPACE-BASED PNT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA Defense Transportation State Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce

14. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 14 National Coordination Office (NCO) Facilitates information sharing, coordination, and issue resolution regarding space-based PNT across all Departments Evaluates plans to modernize U.S. space-based PNT infrastructure Conducts or oversees space-based PNT studies, analyses, and projects that have broad U.S. Government participation Represents Executive Committee in discussion with federal, state, local, and international governments

15. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 15 Advisory Board Conducts assessments, makes recommendations to accomplish national policy goals and objectives Twenty-four members; 6 international members First meeting held March 2007 Next meeting scheduled for October 2007

16. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 16 U.S. International Cooperation Provide civil GPS and augmentations free of direct user fees on a continuous, worldwide basis Seek to ensure international systems are interoperable, or at a minimum, are compatible, with civil GPS and augmentations Improve performance of civil GPS and augmentations to meet or exceed that of international systems Provide open, free access to information needed to develop equipment Encourage international development of PNT systems based on GPS Outlined in 2004 U.S. National Policy on Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)

17. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 17 Bilateral GPS Cooperation U.S.-Japan: Policy and technical consultations on GPS cooperation since 1996 –QZSS augmentation to be compatible, interoperable with GPS U.S.-EU: GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement since 2004 –July 2007 accord on improved civil signal (MBOC) U.S.-India: Policy and technical consultations on GPS cooperation since 2005 –Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation, February 2007 –Research into ionospheric distortion/solutions U.S.-Russia: negotiating GPS-GLONASS Cooperation Agreement since 2005 –Discussing greater interoperability of civil GPS-GLONASS signals U.S.-Australia: Joint Delegation Statement on Civil GPS cooperation signed April 2007 –Developing enhanced mechanisms for notification of GPS satellite operational changes

18. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 18 International Committee on GNSS (ICG) Emerged from 3rd UNISPACE Conference held in 1999 Promote GNSS use, particularly in developing countries Encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems Unique mix of GNSS providers (US, EU, Russia, Japan, China, India) and international user groups –Focal point for international information exchange First meeting held in Vienna in November 2006 –Agreed on terms of reference, work plan, and concept of “GNSS Providers Forum” to address common issues 4- 7 September 2007 in Bangalore, India

19. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 19 Web-based Information PNT.gov established to disseminate information on the U.S. National Executive Committee –Information on the U.S. National Policy, Exec Committee membership, the Advisory Board, and frequently asked questions –Recent public presentations to include this presentation GPS.gov established to disseminate information on GPS applications –Brochure on GPS applications also available in hardcopy upon request –Contains additional links to various other websites

20. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 20 Summary GPS performance is getting better and continuing to improve –Augmentations enable high performance today –Second new GPS signal now available –Additional improvements will continue in the future U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy continues to provide stability and transparency for users and industry –Encourages/promotes worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations U.S. Govt management structure for GPS and augmentations is stronger and more active –Many policy implementation actions in progress International cooperation is a U.S. priority

21. Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07 21 Contact Information Michael E. Shaw Director U.S. National Coordination Office for Space-Based PNT 14 th and Constitution Ave, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20230 Ph: (202) 482-5809 Fax: (202) 482-4429 PNT.Office@pnt.gov