1. Charles
Darwin
( )

2. 1650s – Archbishop James
Ussher proposes the date
4004 BC for the beginning
of the universe

3. the 10th edition of Systema Naturae (biol. classification)
1758 – Linnaeus published
the 10th edition of Systema
Naturae (biol. classification)
1785 – Hutton publishes
The Theory of the Earth
(gradualism) - the earth is
shaped by geological forces
that took place over very long
periods of time

4. 1809- Lamarck argues
acquired characteristics
are passed from parents
to offspring

5. 1) Use and Disuse: parasites and other organisms lost parts because they did not use them - like the missing eyes and digestive system of the tapeworm, or the vestigial femur of marine mammals
2) Perfection with use and need: the constant use of an organ leads that organ to increase in size, like the muscles of a blacksmith or the large ears of a night-flying bat.
3) Inheritance of Acquired Traits: an animal who altered its
body structure during its lifetime would pass these traits on to its offspring: Ex: Arnold S. would pass on his physique to his kids

6. Lamarck’s Giraffe

7. 1830 – Lyell publishes
Principles of Geology advocating an “old” earth
(Uniformitarianism)
1831 – The H.M.S. Beagle leaves England

8. Robt. Fitzroy
HMS Beagle ( )
Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882)

9. The main mission of the five-year voyage of the Beagle was to chart poorly known stretches of the South American coastline.
Fig. 22.5
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. 1838 – Darwin reads Malthus’
essay on Principle of
Population
1858 – Darwin receives a letter
from Alfred Wallace

11. Then, in 1858, Darwin received a letter that changed everything…..
Alfred Russel Wallace, a young naturalist working in the East Indies, had written a short paper with a novel theory. He asked Darwin to evaluate his theory and pass it along for publication.

12. Darwin wrote to Wallace: "Your words have come true with a vengeance
Darwin wrote to Wallace: "Your words have come true with a vengeance ... I never saw a more striking coincidence ... so all my originality, whatever it may amount to, will be smashed."

14. 22 of the 29 species of birds on the Galapagos are endemic (found only on these islands).
Darwin collected specimens of each of the species. At first, he paid little note to a series of small but distinctive birds.Some of these animals seemed woodpecker- like, some warbler-like, and some finch-like.

15. 14 Species of Darwin’s Finches
bred in the
early 80s
14 Species of Darwin’s Finches

16. “Succession of types.”
Armadillos are native to the Americas, with most species found in South America.
Glyptodont fossils also unique to South America.
Why should extinct armadillo-like species & armadillos be found on same continent?

18. Many islands show distinct local variations in tortoise morphology. . . .
perhaps these are the first steps in the splitting of one species into several?

19. Darwin made two points in The Origin of Species:
Today’s organisms descended from ancestral species. (descent with modification)
Natural selection provided a mechanism for evolutionary change in populations.
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

20. Descent With Modification
This evolutionary tree of the elephant family is based on evidence from fossils.
Descent With
Modification
Fig. 22.7
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

21. Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
(1) Variation exists in natural populations.
(2) Many more offspring are born each season than can possibly survive to maturity.
(3) As a result, there is a struggle for existence.

22. (4) Characteristics beneficial in the
struggle for existence will tend to
become more common in the population,
changing the characteristics of a species.
(5) Over time, and given a steady input
of new variation into a population, these
processes lead to the emergence of new
species.

23. Artificial
Selection

24. Where did Darwin observe the
finches for which he is famous?
Name two geologists who
proposed that the earth is older than
6000 years. (They had a big impression on Darwin).

25. 3) What was the real significance
of the title “What Darwin Never
Saw”?

26. The majority of events that you
placed on the timeline on Fri
occurred within the last _____
million years.
How long was the earth in
existence before life was here?

27. Name two key points in Darwin’s
theory of natural selection.
Place the following organisms
in evolutionary order from
first to evolve to the most
recent: mammals, birds, amphibians,
reptiles, fish.

28. Darwin had two theories:
Natural Selection and Descent
_________ __________.
Name two major points of
Darwin’s Theory of Natural
Selection
(p. 386 – Biology Textbook)