1. Do What Needs to Be Done Today. The secret of happy successful living is to do what needs to be done now, and not worry about the past or the future.

2. Surveys Sampling Simple random sampling Random digit table

3. Representative Sample (Simple) random sample: Each group of units of the required size from the population has the same chance to be the selected sample.

4. Human Being Bias Please pick one number between 0 and 9 randomly. ** count # of students picking numbers 4,5,6 and show them the human being bias.

5. Resources of Random Numbers Random digit table (p. 81 in Textbook) Random numbers generated by computer software such as Minitab (shown in lab) ** Minitab: Calc >> Make Patterned >> Simple Set of Numbers; and then Calc >> Random Data >> Sample from Columns

6. Example: Take 5 out of 300 randomly Number the units in the population starting at 1 using the same number of digits (eg. 001, 002, …, 300) In a random digit table, choose any number as the starting point, say row 2 column 3 (63753…) From the starting point, read across the row 3-digit by 3-digit and get numbers from 001 to 300 to identify units

7. Example: 5 out of 300 From the table 63753 53067 79710 52555 72307 10223 27475 10484 24616 13466… 3-digit numbers: 637, 535, 306, 779, 710, 525, 557, 230, 710, 223, 274, 751, 048, 424, 616, 134…

8. Random Assignments Goal: Wish to assign 9 subjects to 3 treatments randomly. Pick 1 out of 3 for each subject  Treatment assignments: 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2