1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION TORTORA FUNKE CASE Chapter 4, part B Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Selective permeability allows passage of some molecules Enzymes for ATP production Photosynthetic pigments on foldings called chromatophores or thylakoids Plasma Membrane

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Damage to the membrane by alcohols, quaternary ammonium (detergents) and polymyxin antibiotics causes leakage of cell contents. Plasma Membrane

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Passive processes: (simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis) Simple diffusion: Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Facilitative diffusion: Solute combines with a transporter protein in the membrane. Movement Across Membranes

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Movement Across Membranes Figure 4.17

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Osmosis Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water. Osmotic pressure The pressure needed to stop the movement of water across the membrane. Movement Across Membranes Figure 4.18a

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.18c-e

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Active transport of substances requires a transporter protein and ATP. Group translocation of substances requires a transporter protein and PEP. Movement Across Membranes

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasm is the substance inside the plasma membrane Cytoplasm Figure 4.6a, b

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nuclear area (nucleoid) Nuclear Area Figure 4.6a, b

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ribosomes Figure 4.6a

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ribosomes Figure 4.19

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Metachromatic granules (volutin) Polysaccharide granules Lipid inclusions Sulfur granules Carboxysomes Gas vacuoles Magnetosomes Inclusions Phosphate reserves Energy reserves Ribulose 1,5- diphosphate carboxylase for CO 2 fixation Protein covered cylinders Iron oxide (destroys H 2 O 2 )

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Resting cells Resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals Bacillus, Clostridium Sporulation: Endospore formation Germination: Return to vegetative state Endospores

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.21a

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Eukaryotic Cells Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryote comes from the Greek words for prenucleus. Eukaryote comes from the Greek words for true nucleus.

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.22a

18. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Flagella and Cilia Figure 4.23a, b

19. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements Figure 4.23c

20. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell wall Plants, algae, fungi Carbohydrates Cellulose, chitin, glucan, mannan Glycocalyx Carbohydrates extending from animal plasma membrane Bonded to proteins and lipids in membrane Cell Wall

21. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Phospholipid bilayer Peripheral proteins Integral proteins Transmembrane proteins Sterols Glycocalyx carbohydrates Plasma Membrane

22. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Selective permeability allows passage of some molecules Simple diffusion Facilitative diffusion Osmosis Active transport Endocytosis Phagocytosis: Pseudopods extend and engulf particles Pinocytosis: Membrane folds inward bringing in fluid and dissolved substances Plasma Membrane

23. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings CytoplasmSubstance inside plasma membrane and outside nucleus CytosolFluid portion of cytoplasm CytoskeletonMicrofilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules Cytoplasmic streamingMovement of cytoplasm throughout cells Eukaryotic Cell

24. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Membrane-bound: NucleusContains chromosomes ERTransport network Golgi complexMembrane formation and secretion LysosomeDigestive enzymes VacuoleBrings food into cells and provides support MitochondrionCellular respiration ChloroplastPhotosynthesis PeroxisomeOxidation of fatty acids; destroys H 2 O 2 Organelles

25. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Not membrane-bound: RibosomeProtein synthesis CentrosomeConsists of protein fibers and centrioles CentrioleMitotic spindle formation Eukaryotic Cell

26. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nucleus Figure 4.24

27. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Endoplasmic Reticulum Figure 4.25

28. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 80S Membrane-boundAttached to ER FreeIn cytoplasm 70S In chloroplasts and mitochondria Ribosomes

29. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Golgi Complex Figure 4.26

30. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lysosomes Figure 4.22b

31. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Vacuoles Figure 4.22b

32. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mitochondrion Figure 4.27

33. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chloroplast Figure 4.28

34. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Endosymbiotic Theory Figure 10.2