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L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004   Measurements at Reactors Neutrino 2004 CdF, Paris, June 2004...chasing the missing mixing angle.

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Presentation on theme: "L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004   Measurements at Reactors Neutrino 2004 CdF, Paris, June 2004...chasing the missing mixing angle."— Presentation transcript:

1 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004   Measurements at Reactors Neutrino 2004 CdF, Paris, June 2004...chasing the missing mixing angle

2 e   x Why reactors? The actual best limit is coming from a reactor experiment ! Chooz, Paolo Verde sin 2 2   m 2 = 2 10 -3 eV 2

3 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Experimental method Nuclear reactors are a powerful source of low energy (up to ~ 8 MeV) electron anti-neutrinos Detection via inverse beta decay: Q-value ~ 1.8 MeV E  ~ E e - Q ( spectroscopy) suppress background via use delayed coincidence method

4 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 How to improve the sensitivity? The problem: Reactor exp. = Disappearance exp. compare total flux (and spectrum) with the no- oscillation hypothesis one depends on systematic uncertainties, like: absolute source strength, cross section, detection efficiency, fuel development over time...

5 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 The basic idea: Use 2 identical detectors oscillation frequency basically known L/2 ~ 1.0 km - 2.0 km choose the right distance for the signal with the far detector monitor the reactor with the close detector (100m) (cancels also uncertainties like cross section, efficiencies etc.)  m 2 = ( 2.0 - 2.5 ) 10 -3 eV 2 osc.length L

6 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 The aims: Statistics N(far) ~ 5 10 4 energy uncertainty  (E) < 1% normalization uncertainty  rel < 1% number of target protons efficiencies (positron, neutron)  rel excellent calibrations required...

7 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Additional uncertainties: shape (~ 2%) cross section (~ 1.9%) should cancel ! fuel composition ( 235 U, 238 U, 239 Pu, 241 Pu) should cancel ! Bugey; comparison with spectrum deconvoluted from exp. determined beta spetra Feilitzsch, Schreckenbach; used for analysis of the Gösgen experiment

8 Background? accidental background determine online not critical radiopurity experiencies from CTF, Chooz, KamLAND correlated background (muon induced) fast neutrons beta - neutron cascades in Chooz signal/background ~ 25 -> 100 (aim) backgrounds in both detectors identical ??

9 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Sensitivity ? around few 10 -2 for sin 2 2  after ~3 years (20t, 8GW) impact of systematics fairly modest Huber, Lindner, Schwetz & Winter: hep-ph/0303232

10 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Approach towards an experiment... 3 workshops on „Future Low Energy -Experiments“ spring 2003 Alabama, USA fall 2003 Munich, Germany spring 2004 Niigata, Japan White paper thanks to Maury Goodman. paper available hep-ex/0402041 (or http://www.hep.anl.gov/minos/reactor13/white.html)

11 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Daya Bay

12 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Requirements: Strong power plant Shielding (300m.w.e. or better) for at least the far detector Only one (or two) cores (=sources) preferred Support from the power plant responsibles

13 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Sites under discussion: ANGRA, Brazil (reactor II) BRAIDWOOD, BYRON, LA SALLE, Illinois, USA CHOOZ, France DAYA BAY, China DIABLO CANYON, California, USA KASHIWAWASAKI, KARIWA, Japan KRASNOYARSK, Russia (first proposal)

14 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 The Diablo Canyon site (USA) Close to San Francisco (500 km), California Two cores (2 x 3.1 GW th ) D 1 ~ 0.5 – 1 km & D 2 ~ 1.5 – 3 km Overburden: horizontal tunnel  800 mwe  Leader Group : Berkeley LBL

15 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 The Diablo Canyon site (USA) Close to San Francisco (500 km), California Two cores (2 x 3.1 GW th ) D 1 ~ 0.5 – 1 km & D 2 ~ 1.5 – 3 km Overburden: horizontal tunnel  800 mwe  Leader Group : Berkeley LBL

16 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Scheme of one shaft The Kashiwasaki site (Japan)  Kashiwasaki power plant : 24.3 GW th  7 cores  2 near detectors needed !  R&D budget approved  3 identical detector of ~8 tons  shielding 350 - 440 mwe  Data taking ~ 2008 Sensitivity (3 years): sin 2 (2  13 )<0.026 @90% C.L

17 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004...even SuperK was proposed (Kornoukhov, Starostin) (Phys. Of Atom. Nucl., Vol. 67, 4, (2004) 672)...with a near detector (KamLAND size) and a russian type 300 MW reactor !

18 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Letter of Intent: Double-Chooz d~1.05 km P~8.4 GW 300mwe far detector no excavation for far detector

19 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004

20 Chooz (site of far detector)

21 Detector design, Double-Chooz -target Gd- scintillator  -catcher, scintillator buffer, non- scintillating Muon Veto, scintillator 2.4m 3.6m 5.5m 6.7m ) ) ) ) ) ) PMs 2.8m

22 Sensitivity ? sensitivity between 0.02 and 0.03 for sin 2 2  after ~3 years (for  m 2 = 2.0 10 -3 eV 2 ) P. Huber et al. hep-ph/0403068 Poster: G. Mention, systematics and sensitivities for Double-Chooz

23 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Comparison to LBL-projects? P. Huber et al. hep-ph/0403068 D-Chooz: funding French side 2.2 - 2.5 M€ approved Aim for start data taking ~ 2008

24 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Background studies for Double-Chooz Correlated background events: Monte-Carlo simulation of fast neutrons, generated by cosmic muons first check: simulation of the old Chooz experiment MC - result: 0.8 < bg/day < 4.5 (limited by statistics) Exp. - result: bg = 1.1 / day MC reliable !

25 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Background spectrum Double- Chooz Neutron spectrum - veto offNeutron spectrum - veto on Shielding 100mwe, t = 33.7 h 1 background event preliminary

26 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Background Double-Chooz expected rate far detector (300mwe) ~ 0.15 / day (lower than 0.3 / day at 90% cl) signal / background far det. > 100 expected rate close detector (60mwe) ~ 2 / day signal / background close det. > 500 (if distance is ~ 150m) spectral shape of background quite flat (unequal to signal spectrum)

27 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Example: beta-n from 8 He (generated by cosmic muon on 12 C in organic liquid scintillator) monitor 8He rate by special beta - alpha delayed coincidence data from other candidates ( 9 Li) available from T. Hagner et al. (muon beam @ SPS, CERN), Chooz, CTF, KamLAND Beta - neutron cascades

28 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Spectral information ? Y(‚close‘) - Y(‚far‘) ~ 3.5 years sin 2 2   m 2 = 2 10 -3 eV 2 very valuable cross- check if one obeserves an effect in the total rates !

29 L. Oberauer, Paris, June 2004 Conclusions Search for  13 with a new reactor experiment is very promising „next future“ experiments Large expertise available from low energy, low background projects (Chooz, CTF/Borexino, KamLAND) White paper available LOI for a new Double-Chooz, France Poster, A. Ianni, CTF & M. Göger, LENA

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