1. The main events in U.S.A during the Mark Twain's time （ 1835-1910 ） -----Zhao Ping -----Li Liping -----Hu Zhiyong

2. stirring( 动荡的 ) years The U.S.-Mexican War The Gold Rush Westward Expansion Civil war

3. The U.S.-Mexican War (1846-1848) Reasons a.the desire of the U.S to expand across the North American continent to the Pacific ocean caused the conflict b.the Texas War of Independence and the subsequent annexation （合并） of that area to the United States.

4. On February 2,1848.The treaty was signed,calling for the annexation( 合并 )of the norhern portions of Mexico to the United States.In return,he U.S. agreed to pay $15 million to Mexico as compensation for the seized territory

6. the Gold Rush (1848-1858)

7. what is "gold rush" when: 1848-1858 why: the gold and mine resources was found in the California,San Francisco how: a large people even gave up their jobs to the california for the gold

9. Results on the gold rush improved the california area development of economy mine companies were built and run few people got rich while most failed(include Mark Twain) people life was disturbed and dissapointed for few gold california was shining with blood

10. Westward Expansion a movement of people from the settled regions of the United States to lands farther west. Since the late 18 th centuries to the late 19 th centuries, Anglo-American people and their society expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast.

11. Process of Westward Expansion It took American colonists a century and a half to expand as far as the Appalachian Mounts, a few hundred miles from the Atlantic coast. It took another 50years to push the frontier to the Mississippi river. Seeking cheap land and inspired by the notion that Americans had a manifest destiny to stretch across the continent, pioneers by 1850 pushed the edge of settlement to Texas, to the Southwest.

13. significance The massacre of the native Indians. Expand the nation ’ s border more than 3million square miles. It means that much. North America was controlled by the English institutions and ways of life; It was one of the most influential forces to shape North American history

14. Civil war(1861-1865) a 4-year armed conflict between northern and southern sections of the United states which seceded from the Us in opposition to the proposed abolition of salvery.

15. The North (Federal States or the Union) --The manufactures and the businessmen want a unified national market and expansion of capitalist competition. To protect the development of American industry The South (the confederate states of American --The planters defend salvery as the main source of wealth

16. The war went on for 4 bitter years,with ups and downs on both sides. Finally the Confederate army had to surrender, ending the war in 1865. As a result of the war, salvery was abolished and the Union was preserved.