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I. Protists – A. General Characteristics Eukaryotic Cells (cells contain organelles) Protists can be either unicellular or multicellular They are often very small – Only visible with a microscope Reproduce sexually or asexually Some are: i.Only Heterotrophs ii.Only Autotrophs iii.Both Heterotroph and Autotroph
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D. 3 Types of Protist i.Animal- like Protist ii.Fungus- like Protist iii.Plant- like Protist
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II. Animal- like Protist They are heterotrophic Eat bacteria and other micro-organisms May have 2 Nuclei Macronucleus – contains DNA for movement and feeding Micronucleus- contains DNA for sexual reproduction Move in 3 different ways i.Pseudopod Movement Pseudopod – false foot Moves like The Blob in the movies Ex. Amoeba ii.Cilia Movement Uses eyelash like projections to move iii.Flagella Movement Use a whip like tail to get around
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III. Fungus- like Protist i. They are heterotrophic Eat bacteria and other micro- organisms ii. 2 Types Water Molds Live in water or moist places Ex. Some water molds can kill humans if they infect the body. Slime Molds Live in moist soil and on decaying plants and trees. They can form a multicellular mass, which makes spores Each spore develops into a new slime mold.
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III. Plant- like Protist They are autotrophs Create their own source of energy from sunlight May be unicellular or multicellular. Ex. Algae – unicellular Ex. Seaweed - multicellular Types of Algae Diatoms unicellular Have glass like cell walls. Green Algae Use green pigment. Mostly multicellular. Red Algae Multicellular seaweed living in deep oceans Brown Algae Common seaweed. Ex. Kelp
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Fungi I. Characteristics Cells are eukaryotic Use spores to reproduce Heterotrophs – yes fungi eat stuff Most are multicellular – Only yeast are unicellular There are more that 100,000 species of fungus II. Fungi Cell Structure Cell walls contain chitin – Chitin also makes up exoskeleton of insects Fungi cells make up Hyphae/Mycelium – Hyphae are threadlike tubes that make up the body of most fungi. – Most of a fungus is actually hidden under ground in a tangled mass called Mycelium
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III. How do fungi eat? They are heterotrophic decomposers Decomposers break down chemicals in dead organisms. This returns nutrients to soil and gets rid of dead plants and animals. They absorb food through the hyphae Mycellium grow all over the source of food Digestive chemicals exit out of the Mycellium into the food.
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V. Fungi are the world’s frie…nemies? Food for people – we eat many kinds of fungi. – Ex. Yeast causes bread to rise. – Ex. mushrooms from store. Some Fungi help Plants – Fungi (known as Mycorrhizae) grow around the roots of plants helping the plant to absorb extra moisture and nutrients in soil.
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Disease Causing Fungi – attack plants, animals, and humans – Ex. Athlete’s foot fungus makes feet itch – Ex. Ringworm is NOT a worm, but a fungus that makes a red ring on the skin. Disease Fighting Fungi – Penicillium – Penicillium is a fungus that produces a chemical which kills bacteria. – We use this chemical as an antibiotic to fight bacterial infections.
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