2. How much do I know about… nouns, pronouns and adjectives? Label each green word with its part of speech: Montag was a fireman. They started fires in his futuristic society. His job was to burn books.

3. Nouns: people, places, things and ideas Common nouns are general. Proper nouns are specific names and capitalized. Noun Exercise 1: Change the noun from common to proper. Mildred watched television most of the time. Noun Exercise 2: Change the nouns from proper to common. The river ran through the town’s west side.

4. Pronouns replace nouns. There are many types, list them all: 1) Personal pronouns: associated with a person First person: I, me, we, us Second person: you Third person: He, she, it, they, them 2) Possessive pronouns: indicate personal ownership First person: my, our, mine Second person: your, yours Third person: his, her, their, its, theirs

5. 3) Demonstrative pronouns: point out a specific noun this, that, these, those 4) Interrogative pronouns: introduce a question who, whom, which, what, whose 5) Relative pronouns: introduce a subordinate clause that, which, who, whom, whose

6. Pronouns exercise: What kind of pronoun is it? What is your name? The mechanical dog that chased him was programmed by Beatty. This is the answer, I think.

7. Pronouns usually are paired with an antecedent—a noun/pronoun that they replace. Ex: Find the antecedent of the pronoun: 0) The teacher taught us (students) writing skills. 1)We visited a factory in the city for a field trip. 2) The dog buried its bone in the yard. 3)The sisters knew that they looked alike.

8. INDEFINITE PROUNS: refers to a noun that isn’t specifically named List them all: all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, more, most, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, some, somebody, something, such.

9. SPECIAL PRONOUN RULE: The following indefinite pronouns are ALWAYS singular: Anybody Anyone Anything Everyone Everything Everybody One Always pair them with a singular pronoun Nobody None No one Nothing Somebody Something Someone

10. Indefinite pronoun exercises: Correct the pronoun agreement error: 0) Everyone in the room brought their his/her pencil. 1)No one among the young men knew if they would be drafted into the military. 2) None of the students could say they were acclimated to the new schedule. 3) Somebody texted me, but I did not recognize their number.

12. Adjectives: Describe or modify a noun or pronoun Roles that adjectives serve for their nouns/pronouns: 1)Quality: Ex: happy person, lost pet, blue eyes, young man, tall tree, Spanish rice 2)Quantity: Ex: many vegetables, three flowers 3)Demonstrative: Ex: this day, that outfit 4)Interrogative: Ex: what homework?, whose phone? 5)Extent: Ex: longest day, shorter haircut

13. A special adjective: Articles These adjectives indicate the specialness or singularity of a noun or pronoun. A An The

14. OVERLAP ALERT: Possessive pronouns can also be considered adjectives. His book Their friend My room

15. Ex: Circle the adjective and draw a line to the noun or pronoun it modifies. It was a sunny afternoon. She thought it was a funny thing to say. The white tiger had pale stripes. The quiet girl decided to speak up.

16. SPECIAL RULE: When you list adjectives, separate them with a comma: 0) The fat, lazy cat rarely exercised. 1) It has been a long exhausting day. 2) She is a friendly outgoing person. 3) We prefer the scary dangerous rides at the amusement park.

17. VERBS: Two kinds Action verbs: show an action Linking verbs: connect the subject to a word or group of words that identify or describe the subject. What are the most common linking verbs? Appear, be, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

18. RULE: Every verb must have a tense, which tell us when it is happening. The three basic tenses are past, present and future. Literary essays should only include present tense verbs. Ex: What is the verb and what tense is it in? Montag escapes from the mechanical dog. He disguised his scent and hid in the water. 3) Another man will be killed in his place.

19. The most common linking verb: TO BE Beshall beshould be Beingwill bewould be Amhas beencan be Is have beencould be Arehad beenshould have been Wasshall have beenwould have been Werewill have beencould have been

20. Find the linking verbs: Montag appeared withdrawn and felt ill. He was miserable and no longer wanted to be a fireman. In fact, he had become certain he wanted to read books, not burn them.

21. Verbs sometimes have helpers: Helping verbs help the main verb express and action or state of being. They are usually a form of “to be.” Helping verbs precede the main verb. Together the main verb and helping verb create a verb phrase. Other helping verbs: can could, did, do, does, had, has, have, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would. Ex: Montag was trying to rebel against the society he had supported. Ex: He realized that television and technology were destroying meaningful human communication.

23. Adverbs: modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs Often end in “-ly” Tell us where, when, how, to what extent Where? It is time we headed outside. When? I’m going to the mall tomorrow. How? We will eventually find each other. To what extent? I am very hungry.

24. Ex: Adverb or adjective? Adjectives modify_______ Adverbs modify _______, ______ and _________. The robotic dog could be regularly programmed to kill. Clarisse seemed harmless, but was a significant threat to the society. She blatantly refused to conform, and probably was killed because of that.

25. Ex: Circle the adverb and draw a line to the word it modifies: Bonus: Is the word the adverb modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb? Remember, if it modifies a noun, it is an adjective—not an adverb. When Montag finally found people, he knew he would always be okay. He was slightly pained to have lost his old life, but now believed in his new mission. His real mission was to quietly share books with his gang of intellectual misfits and to eventually try to help others.

26. Prepositions: show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word. Prepositions indicate “position.” Prepositions locate a noun or pronoun in space, time or direction. They always begin a phrase that ends in a noun or pronoun. (at the show, in the tower, under the car, for a minute, on paper, etc.) Preposition tip: If it fits into this blank, it is probably a preposition: The bird flew _______ the clouds.

27. Prepositions! Aboard, about, above, across Against, along, around Amid, among, after, at Except, for, during, down Behind, below, beneath, beside Between, before, beyond By, in, from, off, on, over, of Until, unto, upon Under, underneath, since, up Like, near, past, throughout, through With, within, without, instead Toward, inside, into, to

28. Ex: Write an original prepositional phrase using one preposition from each color section. Aboard, about, above, across Against, along, around Amid, among, after, at Except, for, during, down Behind, below, beneath, beside Between, before, beyond By, in, from, off, on, over, of Until, unto, upon Under, underneath, since, up Like, near, past, throughout, through With, within, without, instead Toward, inside, into, to

29. Preposition Rule Alert: Never end a phrase or sentence in a preposition. Revise the following sentences with incorrect preposition usage: This is the last place I’m going to. I was surprised to hear what the test is on. Where should I find you at?

30. Ex: Circle the preposition and underline the prepositional phrase. Montag memorized passages from the Bible. He felt safe and at home with his new companions. The wandering life of the intellectual was his noble calling.