1. Photosynthesis HL
Mrs. Jackie

2. Draw the structure of a chloroplast
About 2-10microm in diameter
Include
Circular DNA
Ribosomes
Starch grains
Fat droplets
grana
Inter granal lamella
Draw the structure of a chloroplast

3. Photosynthesis consist of light dependent and light independent reactions

4. Light dependent rx and photophosphorilation
Energy level X y
2e-
NADPH
NADP +H
2e-
2e-
ADP +Pi
ATP
2e-
Non-Cyclic
Photophosphorilation
ADP +Pi
ATP
2e-
light
H2O
2H++1/2O2
PSI
light
PSII
Light dependent rx and photophosphorilation

5. Non cyclic photophosphorylation
Light hits the pigments on PSII which are mainly found in the grana
Chlorophyll a involved absorbing light at the 680nm
Light absorption excites the electron which move to electron acceptor X.
Chlorophyll mol change to a positive because it looses e-.
The electrons are passed thorough a series of redox reactions to PSI
Non cyclic photophosphorylation

6. Non cyclic photophosphorylation
The presence of Chl a+ induce the lysis of water so that oxygen, H and electrons are released
Electrons are taken by Chl a+ which turns into Chl a
The oxygen is released as a waste product
The H are pumped to the lumen of the grana and accumulate until diffusion occurs though the channel of the APT synthethase and ADP +Pi are converted into ATP
Non cyclic photophosphorylation

7. Grana Thylakoid membrane
light
2e-
H2O
2H+1/2O2 H+
NADP+H
2e- H+
Lumen
ATP
Grana Thylakoid membrane
ADP+ Pi

8. Non-cyclic photophosphorilation
The light also hits the photosystem I which absorbs light at 700nm.
Electrons move away from the nucleus.
Electrons move away from chl a to the electron acceptor Y
Electron are then passed on to NADP which combines with H to produced NADPH
The chl a+ receive electrons from the electron carrier chain and become chl a
Non-cyclic photophosphorilation

9. Cyclic photophosphorilation
Increasin energy level X
2e-
2e-
light
2e-
ADP +Pi ATP
2e-
ADP +Pi ATP
PSI
Cyclic photophosphorilation

10. Light independent reactions
Calvin Cycle
Takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast
ATP provides energy and NADPH provides the reducing power needed for biosynthesis using CO2
RuBP- carbon dioxide acceptor
Light independent reactions

11. Calvin Cycle 6ATP 6ADP +6Pi 6 Glycerate-3-phosphate 3CO2 (GP) (6x3C)
6 Glycerate-1,3-diphosphate
(6 x 3C)
RuBP carboxylase
6NADPH
6NADP+
3 Ribulosebiphosphate
(RuBP) (3x5C)
6 triose-phosphate
(TP) (6 x3C)
3ADP+3Pi
3ATP
5 Triose-phosphate
(TP) (5x3C)
Calvin Cycle
1TP (1x3C

12. The Calvin Cycle takes place in the stoma of the chloroplast.
RuBP take up CO2 with the aid of RuBP carboxylase forming GP (glycerate 3 phosphate)
GP will be reduced to TP (triose-phosphate) but this conversion needs energy from ATP and reducing power from NADPH.
TP can be converted to glucose, sucrose, starch, fatty acids and amino acids
TP is also converted to RuBP to keep the cycle going. This process requires ATP
Review of Calvin Cycle