1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

2. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Energy-storing compound Energy-storing compound Made up of an adenosine compound with 3 phosphate groups attached Made up of an adenosine compound with 3 phosphate groups attached When the bond that holds the last phosphate group is broken the energy is released When the bond that holds the last phosphate group is broken the energy is released The new compound is now called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) The new compound is now called adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

3. Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food Organisms that make their own food Also known as producers because they produce food for other organisms Also known as producers because they produce food for other organisms Ex: plants, bacteria Ex: plants, bacteria

4. Heterotrophs Organisms that cannot make their own food Organisms that cannot make their own food Also known as consumers because they consume autotrophs and other heterotrophs Also known as consumers because they consume autotrophs and other heterotrophs Ex: humans, fungi Ex: humans, fungi

5. Pigments Molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others Molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others Chlorophyll: a pigment in plants that absorbs red, blue, and violet light while reflecting green light Chlorophyll: a pigment in plants that absorbs red, blue, and violet light while reflecting green light

6. Chloroplast Structures in plant cells that contain chlorophyll Structures in plant cells that contain chlorophyll Photosynthesis occurs in these structures Photosynthesis occurs in these structures Made up of 3 parts: Made up of 3 parts: Thylakoid: contains the photosystems Thylakoid: contains the photosystems Grana: stacks of thylakoids Grana: stacks of thylakoids Stroma: gel-like material between the grana Stroma: gel-like material between the grana

7. Photosynthesis The process by which autotrophs convert sunlight into energy The process by which autotrophs convert sunlight into energy The photosynthetic reaction is: The photosynthetic reaction is: sunlight sunlight 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

8. Photosystems Photosystem II: Uses the light energy from the sun to break water apart into hydrogen, oxygen and electrons; the electrons enter an electron transport chain Photosystem II: Uses the light energy from the sun to break water apart into hydrogen, oxygen and electrons; the electrons enter an electron transport chain Photosystem I: picks up the electrons from the electron transport chain and uses them and the hydrogen to make ATP and NADPH (an energy carrier) Photosystem I: picks up the electrons from the electron transport chain and uses them and the hydrogen to make ATP and NADPH (an energy carrier) These reactions are called the light-dependent reactions because they require sunlight and they take place in the thylakoid These reactions are called the light-dependent reactions because they require sunlight and they take place in the thylakoid

9. Calvin Cycle A set of reactions that uses the energy in ATP and NADPH (made in the photosystems) to convert carbon dioxide into glucose A set of reactions that uses the energy in ATP and NADPH (made in the photosystems) to convert carbon dioxide into glucose These reactions are called the light- independent reactions because they do not require sunlight and they take place in the stroma These reactions are called the light- independent reactions because they do not require sunlight and they take place in the stroma

11. Glucose The glucose made during photosynthesis is used by the plant to provide energy for cellular functions The glucose made during photosynthesis is used by the plant to provide energy for cellular functions Excess glucose is linked together to form starch which can then be stored by the plant Excess glucose is linked together to form starch which can then be stored by the plant