1. APES Day 104 February 16 Please check over your results on the energy exam. Note the areas of concern. If a question asks from an explanation you need to identify the environmental cost THEN explain how it costs the environment, ie: Windmills reduce the burning of coal which decreases sulfur from being released which reduces acid rain. Acid rain decreases the biodiversity of intolerant organisms.

2. Unit Seven Concepts The Atmosphere The Atmosphere Composition; structure; weather and climate; atmospheric circulation and the Coriolis Effect; atmospheric-ocean interactions; ENSO, ocean circulation, solar intensity and latitude Composition; structure; weather and climate; atmospheric circulation and the Coriolis Effect; atmospheric-ocean interactions; ENSO, ocean circulation, solar intensity and latitude Stratospheric ozone Stratospheric ozone Formation of stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, causes of ozone depletion, effects of ozone depletion, strategies for reducing ozone depletion, relevant laws and treaties Formation of stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, causes of ozone depletion, effects of ozone depletion, strategies for reducing ozone depletion, relevant laws and treaties Global warming Global warming Greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect, impacts and consequences of global warming, reducing climate change, ice age, relevant laws and treaties Greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect, impacts and consequences of global warming, reducing climate change, ice age, relevant laws and treaties Pollution types Pollution types 1. air pollution-sources-primary and secondary, major air pollutants, standards, measurement units, smog, troposphere ozone, acid deposition, cause and effects, heat issues, temperature inversions, indoor air pollution, remediation and reduction strategies, Clean Air Act and other relevant laws 1. air pollution-sources-primary and secondary, major air pollutants, standards, measurement units, smog, troposphere ozone, acid deposition, cause and effects, heat issues, temperature inversions, indoor air pollution, remediation and reduction strategies, Clean Air Act and other relevant laws 2. Noise pollution 2. Noise pollution Sources, effects, control measures Sources, effects, control measures

3. How is the atmosphere like an onion? Is the atmosphere constant? Is the atmosphere constant?

4. Spaceship Earth Concept

5. Troposphere The layer that we exist in The layer that we exist in 78-79% Nitrogen 78-79% Nitrogen 20-21% Oxygen 20-21% Oxygen.9% Argon.9% Argon 385 ppm carbon dioxide and rising 385 ppm carbon dioxide and rising Thicker at the equator than the poles Thicker at the equator than the poles Ambient Air is the air that surrounds us Ambient Air is the air that surrounds us

6. What happens to the energy from the photons of the sun?

7. Albedo Relative reflectivity of a surface Relative reflectivity of a surface Light surfaces have a high albedo and dark surfaces have a low albedo Light surfaces have a high albedo and dark surfaces have a low albedo

9. Aerosols Small particles and liquid droplets in the atmosphere Small particles and liquid droplets in the atmosphere Volcanoes release many Volcanoes release many Salt crystals Salt crystals Can act as condensation nuclei for precipitation Can act as condensation nuclei for precipitation Man-made CFC’s and other aerosols act to break ozone in stratosphere Man-made CFC’s and other aerosols act to break ozone in stratosphere

10. Stratosphere Direct relationship between temperature and altitude Direct relationship between temperature and altitude Ozone is found here. Absorbs UV rays of the sun. Ozone is found here. Absorbs UV rays of the sun.

11. Mesosphere Coldest zone Coldest zone Gases continue to thin Gases continue to thin

12. Thermosphere Thinning gases absorb UV and x-ray radiation from the sun making it extremely hot, but the molecules are so far from one another it would feel cold to you. Thinning gases absorb UV and x-ray radiation from the sun making it extremely hot, but the molecules are so far from one another it would feel cold to you. Ionosphere is located here and affects radiowaves Ionosphere is located here and affects radiowaves Northern lights occur here (Aurora borealis) Northern lights occur here (Aurora borealis)

13. Exosphere Extends into space Extends into space

14. Prelab: Specific Heat Please read the entire lab and be prepared to start when you come in tomorrow. Please read the entire lab and be prepared to start when you come in tomorrow. Also read pages 322-326…note the vocabulary that relates to the lab. Also read pages 322-326…note the vocabulary that relates to the lab.