1. The Duel for North America Chapter 6 1608 -1763

2. France  Religious wars ceased  Edict of Nantes = 1598  Limited toleration / Protestants  Most feared of European Continent  King Louis XIV = Ruled 72 yrs.  Colonies = Quebec  Samuel de Champlain  “Father of New France”

3. Colonies = New France  Autocratic  Canada  Controlled by king  No right to trial by jury  Population grew slowly  Favored Caribbean Island colonies  Sugar

4. France Fans Out  Beaver Pelts  Trappers = Coureurs de bois  Free livers  Extinguished beaver  Recruited Indians into fur business  Disease / alcohol  French Catholic missionaries = Jesuits  Explorers

5. Cont.  Robert de La Salle  Mississippi = 1682  Louisiana  Tried to block Spain  Planted fortified posts  New Orleans = 1718  Trade = West Indies and Europe

6. Clash  King William’s War = 1689 -1697  Queen Anne’s War = 1702-1713  British Colonist against French Courers de bois  Both recruiting Indian allies  Guerrilla warfare = savage  Spain allied with France

7. Cont.  Peace = 1713  France beaten  Britain got Acadia = renamed Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Hudson Bay  War of Jenkins’s Ear = 1739  British and Spanish  Smuggling  Caribbean / Georgia  James Oglethorpe  King George’s War

8. Washington  Ohio Valley  1749  Colonial speculators  Virginians / Washington family  500,000 acres  French erecting forts  Fort Duquesne = Pittsburgh  Washington sent to secure claims  150 militiamen  40 miles from fort = shots fired

9. Cont.  French leader killed = retreated  French returned with reinforcements  Washington built = Fort Necessity  10 hr. siege  Washington surrenders  July 1754

10. Global War  French and Indian War = 1754  Seven Years’ War  Also fought in Europe / West Indies / Philippines / Africa / Ocean  Britain, Prussia Vs. France, Spain, Austria and Russia  Blood bath in Germany = Fredrick the Great

11. Colonial Disunity  Colonial clashes  1754  Intercolonial Congress  Albany, NY  21 delegates = 7 colonies showed up  Keep Iroquois loyal  Gifts  Franklin = “Join or Die”  Albany Congress

12. Blunders  General Edward Braddock  British Regulars = 2,000  Capture Fort Duquesne  Washington  Huge loss  Native American tear through countryside  Scalping  Defeat after Defeat

13. Pitt  William Pitt = “Great Commoner”  Leader on London Government  “Organizer of Victory”  Concentrate on Canada  Victory against Louisbourg  1 st significant victory

14. Quebec  Battle of Quebec = 1759  James Wolfe  Daring night move = scaled the cliffs  Plains of Abrahams  Significant battle  Montreal fell 1760  French flag flew for the last time in Canada

15. Trouble with Colonists  Friction between British officers and militia  Professionalism  Colonist didn’t truly support cause  Refused troops / money  Wanted privileges of Englishmen, without the duties and responsibilities

16. War Ends  Treaty of Paris = 1763  G.B. claimed all of North America east of the Mississippi River  Included Florida = Acquired from Spain for Cuba  Spain received French lands west of Mississippi / Port of New Orleans  France kept a few small islands near Newfoundland and West Indies

18. Aftermath  British victory = trouble with the Natives  Native Americans captured 8 British forts in the Ohio Valley  Led by Pontiac (Ottawa)  Killed 2,000 soldier / settlers  Blankets infected with smallpox given to chiefs during peace negotiations  Peace negotiated by the end of 1765

19. Aftermath Cont.  Proclamation of 1763  Banned settlements west of the Appalachians  Colonists not happy  G.B. in financial trouble  Cracked down on colonial smuggling  10,000 troops sent to control Native Americans