1. 9.21.12 RHB SYLLABUS on Fluoroscopy & Radiation Protection
RT 244 / 328 REVIEW & REVISIONS
RHB SYLLABUS on
Fluoroscopy & Radiation Protection

2. RHB NOTIFICATION (revised 2012) (RP Syllabus – pg 68 Fluoro Syllabus pb 53)
IMMEDIATE reporting –
TOTAL DOSE OF 25 rems
Eye dose – 75 rem
Extremity – 250 RADS
WITHIN 24 HOURS
TOTAL DOSE OF 5 rems
Eye dose – 15 rem
Extremity REMS
ALL other OVEREXPOSURE – (received w/in 24 hrsMust be Reported WITHIN 30 DAYS

3. Report at least every quarter Preserved for indefinitely - individual a minimum of 3 years (employer)* (“all other records” pg 52)

4. ♀ receive 3x more dose than ♂ for pelvic x-rays
Gonad shielding & dose
♀ receive 3x more dose than
♂ for pelvic x-rays
1 mm lead will reduce exposure (primary) by about 50% ♀
by about 90 – 95 % ♂(STAT)
Pg 13 RHB –RP:
0.5 mm ↓ 92% (inc internal scatter)
Pg Rads ♀ 30 Rads ♂ -temp sterility

5. 100mrem / WEEK MONITORING PG 75
CONTROLLED AREA – Used by occupationaly exposed personnel (monitored)
100mrem / WEEK
UNCONTROLLED AREA – PUBLIC
2 mrem per week*

6. PUBLIC 2 mrem per week* (STAT)
HIGH RADIATION AREA –
100 mRem ( 0.1 rem / (1 msV)
@ 30 cm from the source of radiaton
RADIATION AREA –
RHB: 5 mRem ( rem / (.05 msV)
@ 30 cm from the source of radiation
PUBLIC 2 mrem per week* (STAT)

7. DOSE REGULATIONS
Fluoroscopic tubes operate at currents that range from0.5 to 5 mA with 3ma the most common
BEFORE AT TABLETOP
5R/MIN (WITHOUT AEC) Reg & Boost
After with AEC (1993 )
10 R/MIN R/MIN BOOST
Some books ave is 4 R/min if not given

8. Over vs under the table fluoro tubes pg 116 dose to operator

9. DOSE
CINE - 2mR per frame (60f/sec)
400 mr per “look”

10. SSD – TUBE TO SKIN DISTANCE
FIXED UNITS
18” PREFERRED
15 “ MINIMUM
MOBILE UNITS ( C-ARMS)
12’ MINIMUM
5 min AUDIBLE ALARM

11. KEEP I.I. CLOSE TO PATIENT

12. Patient Protection Tabletop exposure rate Maximum 10 R/min
Typically 1 – 3 R/min

13. Patient Protection Minimum source-to-skin distance
12” for mobile equipment
15” for stationary systems
Audible alarm at 5 mins.
Same rules for collimation

14. RT: 0.25 = ↓ 97% 0.5 = ↓ 99.9% Shielding to Scatter
Pg 70 Fluoro RHB: Scatter
RT:
0.25 = ↓ 97%
0.5 = ↓ 99.9%

15. Lead curtain & dose reduction

16. 100 R = 1 C/kg 1Rad = 1/100 Gray 1 Rem = .01 Sievert (Rad + QF = REM)
Units of Dose – App #3 pg 79
100 R = C/kg
1Rad = 1/100 Gray
1 Rem = .01 Sievert
(Rad + QF = REM)
1 REM = 10 mSv
1 Rem = 1000mRem

17. Pregnancy & Embryo
Mother –
occupational worker (5 rem)
Baby – (500 mRem)
.5 rem/ year rem/month
5 mSv mSv / month

18. 10 – 25 RAD Rule and Pregnancy Bush p 545
Below 10 RAD (100mgy) ther ab NOT indicated
Above 25 RAD may justify TAB
FETAL doses RARELY reach 5 RAD

19. The NCRP states that: the risk (to the embryo/fetus) is considered to be negligible at 5 rads or less when compared to the other risks of pregnancy
and the risk of malformation is significantly increased above control levels only at doses above 15 rads

20. Kell Factor
The ability to resolve objects spaced apart in a vertical direction.
More dots = more scan lines = more/better resolution
Kell factor for 525 line system is 0.7
VERTICAL RESOLUTION = VER - TI- K- AL
RATIO OF VERTICAL RESOLUITON
# OF SCAN LINES
more dots(globules) = more scan lines = more/better resolution

21. Bandpass/Horizantal Resolution
Horizontal resolution is determined by the bandpass.
Bandpass is expressed in frequency (Hz) and describes the number of times per second the electron beam can be modulated.
The higher the bandpass, the better the resolution