1. Classification
Chapter 18

2. Video Clip!!!!

3. Finding Order in Diversity
taxonomy: the science of classifying living things
Carolus Linnaeus: developed current system of naming and classifying organisms;
7 levels*largest group down to the individual*
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(King Phillip Came Over For Green Spaghetti)

4. Diversity, continued
binomial nomenclature: 2-word scientific name given to each unique organism; first word is general description-the genus; second word identifies the specific organism-the species
the scientific name is always in Latin; the genus is always capitalized; the species always lowercase; both always underlined or in italics

5. Linnaeus’s System Ursus arctos KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
Ursus arctos
SPECIES Ursus arctos

6. Video Clip!!!!

7. Testudo elephantopus
Carcharodon carcharias
Panthera tigris
Canis familiaris

8. Modern Evolutionary Classification
phylogeny: the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms
organisms were originally grouped according to
their visible similarities/differences now grouped based on their evolutionary history in addition to their similarities/differences (evolutionary classification)

9. Tiny free-swimming larva
Cladogram
a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms; a type of evolutionary family tree
uses derived characters (characteristics that only appear in recent parts of an organism’s lineage, not in it’s older members)
Crustaceans
Gastropod
Barnacle
Limpet
Molted exoskeleton
Tiny free-swimming larva
CLADOGRAM

10. Kingdoms - Then and Now
1700’s—Linnaeus—2 kingdoms— Plantae and Animalia
late 1800’s—Protista (microorganisms), Plantae, Animalia
1950’s—Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia (until this time, Fungi was considered part of the Plantae kingdom)
1990’s—Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

11. The Three-Domain System
3 domains and 6 kingdoms:
1)domain Bacteria includes kingdom Eubacteria
2)domain Archaea includes kingdom
Archaebacteria
3)domain Eukarya includes kingdoms Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

12. Domains/Kingdoms, continued
members based on key characteristics:
1) cell type (prokaryote/eukaryote)
2) cell structures (cell walls/chloroplasts)
3) number of cells (unicellular/multicellular)
4) mode of nutrition (autotroph/heterotroph)

13. Eubacteria domain Bacteria; ecologically diverse 1) prokaryote
2) cell walls
containing
peptidoglycan
3) unicellular
4) autotroph or
heterotroph
Streptococcus
Escherichia coli

14. Archaebacteria domain Archaea; 1) prokaryote 2) cell walls without
live in harsh environments
1) prokaryote
2) cell walls without
peptidoglycan
3) unicellular
4) autotroph or
heterotroph
Aquifex aeolicus
Methanobacterium formicum

15. Protista domain Eukarya; “catch-all” kingdom 1) eukaryote
2) cell walls ocellulose in
some; some have
chloroplasts
3) most unicellular, some
colonial, some
multicellular
4) autotroph or
heterotroph
Paramecium bursaria
Fuligo septica

16. Fungi domain Eukarya; feed on dead and decaying matter 1) eukaryote
2) cell walls made of
chitin
3) most multicellular;
some unicellular
4) heterotroph
Auricularia auricula-judae
Trichophyton rubrum

17. Plantae Domain Eukarya; are nonmotile (cannot move
from place to place)
1) eukaryote
2) cell walls of
cellulose;
have chloroplasts
3) multicellular
4) autotroph
Lupinus arcticus
Sequoia sempervirens

18. Animalia
domain Eukarya; many species exist in nearly every part of the planet
1) eukaryote
2) no cell walls or
chloroplasts
3) multicellular
4) heterotroph
Desmodus rotundus
Agalychnis callidryas