1. Quiz Ch 6.1 1.Inventor of the telephone. 2.1 st to successfully drill for oil in 1859. 3.Method for cheaply converting iron to steel. 4.Process of becoming a society that relies upon machines for transportation and work: 5.Largest deposit of iron ore in the US is found here:

2. The Age of the Railroads Government support enabled the growth of RRs –Growth & no control led to corruption. Pullman Town- –Built for employees of the Pullman sleeper car factory. –Rules to follow; rent, store goods on ‘credit’ from company –’94: raised rent & cut pay… led to strike –Army was called in to settle the strike

3. The good: Railroads connected the nation –Brought supplies to the west –Brought settlers west –Brought raw materials east –Increased immigration by selling land overseas –Towns sprang up along tracks –Telegraph lines went up along the tracks, too –International time zones were established to help the trains run on time.

4. The bad: Railroads were built by Irish & Chinese immigrants- paid 35-60 a month –Only whites got food with that. –Accidents & disease claimed thousands of lives per year Railroads sold the best land to businesses rather than settlers Railroads fixed their prices and charged different customers different rates (gouging farmers)

5. Corruption Credit Mobilier Scandal- –Company formed by stockholders on Union Pacific –Company hired by the stockholder to lay track at double & triple the cost. –Stockholder pocket the difference To ensure land grants & non-interference, they bribed congressmen with stock in the company

6. Limiting the power of the RRs Granger laws: –pressed local legislators to pass laws to set maximum freight & passenger rates & stop discrimination. RRs fought back- in court. Munn v. Illinois(’77) States get the right to regulate RRs in the public interest. Interstate Commerce Act- (87)- Only Fed Gov can regulate the RRs- –Established the Interstate Commerce Commission- ICC –Courts then said that the ICC could not set maximum rates

7. Railroads limit themselves Overbuilding and competition forced many railroads into bankruptcy –Esp in Panic of 93 –¼ taken over by bankers (JP Morgan)- re- organized railroads