1. To The 90s & Beyond!

2.  Solidarity / Poland  Economic problems and weaknesses of communism  US foreign policy / arms race / “Star Wars”  Afghanistan  Perestroika / Gorbachev So, Why Did Communism Fall?

3. The Rise, Decline & Rise Of Russia  Initial shock therapy under Yeltsin  Leads to huge inflation and declining production  Massive corruption leads to rise of new oligarchy and disillusionment with democracy

4. The Rise Of Vladimir Putin

5. A Russian Revival? Why the growth?

6. So, What’s The Deal With Russia?  Why does democracy quickly fail twice in 20 th Century?  Is Russia somehow fated to be autocracy?

7. Rebuilding Eastern Europe  Poland, Czechoslovakia & Hungary are the most successful.

8. Rebuilding Eastern Europe  For many, the new “democratic” world was cold, difficult and corrupt.  “Ostalgie”

9. Czechoslovakian “Velvet Divorce” (1993)

10. The Tragedy Of Yugoslavia

12. So, Is Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia The Shape of Things To Come?

13.  1951 – Treaty of Paris (Coal & Steel Community)  Former enemies (not UK) sharing resource production  1957 – Treaty of Rome (Economic Community)  Customs reduced and Customs Union created  1992 – Maastricht Treaty (European Union)  Single market, free movement, standardized laws  2002 – The Euro replaces 12 currencies The Unification(?) Of Europe

14.  The United States of Europe?  A new Holy Roman Empire?  Something else entirely What Is Europe Headed Towards?