1. Organic Chemistry Introduction
Topic –

2. Compounds up to 6 carbon atoms with functional groups (10.1.9)
Formula
Structural Formula
Alcohol
-OH
- O – H
Aldehyde
-COH (on the end of a chain) O
- C – H
Ketone
-CO- (can’t be on end of chain)
- C –
Carboxylic Acid
-COOH (on the end of a chain)
- C – O – H
Halide
-Br, -Cl, -F, -I
- X
Better slide coming up next.

3. Compounds up to 6 carbon atoms with functional groups (10.1.9-10)
Formula
Suffix
(or Prefix)
Alcohol
-OH
-ol
Aldehyde
-COH
-al
Ketone
-CO-
-one
Carboxylic Acid
-COOH
-oic acid
Halide
-Br, -Cl, -F, -I
bromo-,chloro-, fluoro-,iodo-

4. Know these 7, only have to recognize the 3 in the

5. Alcohols: suffix = “ol”
1-propanol or propan-1-ol
2-propanol or
propan-2-ol
2-methyl-2-propanol or 2-methyl propan-2-ol

7. Aldehydes: suffix = “al”
propanal
Note: an aldeyhde group is always on an end carbon so don’t need a number
butandianol?

9. Ketones: suffix = “one”
propanone
(don’t need C#, must be in between two carbons)
butanone
2-pentanone or
penta-2-one

10. butandione
pentan-3-one

12. Carboxylic Acids: suffix = “oic acid”
butanoic acid
Note: a carboxyl is always on an end carbon
propandioic acid

13. Halides: prefixes = “fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo”
1-bromopropane
2-chlorobutane
1,2-diiodoethane
1,2-difluoroethene
1,1,2-trifluorothene

14. Only identify the following functional groups in structures: (10.1.11)
Formula
Amine
- NH2
Ester O
R – C – O – R
Benzene

15. amino, benzene ring, ester

16. Identify primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms in alcohols (-OH) and halogenoalkanes (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I)
with reference to the carbon that is directly bonded to an alcohol group or a halogen:
Primary = carbon atom is only bonded to one other carbon
Secondary = carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons
Tertiary = carbon atom is bonded to three other carbons

19. Volatility: how easily a substance turns into a gas
Discuss the volatility and solubility in water of compounds containing the functional groups listed in
Volatility: how easily a substance turns into a gas
the weaker the intermolecular force, the more volatile it is
van der Wall’s › dipole › hydrogen bonding
alkane › halogenoalkane › aldehyde › ketone › amine › alcohol › carboxylic acid

20. Boiling Points

21. Solubility: a solute’s ability to dissolve in a polar solvent (water)
the more polar a substance is, the more soluble it is
solubility decreases as chain length increases
smaller alcohols, aldehydes, ketones & carboxylic acids are typically soluble