1. POP QUIZ From Last class: Answer questions on a separate sheet of paper! Hand IN 1.Your house is an example of a(n) ___. a. biotic factor b. habitat c. niche 2.Trees, mosses and shrubs are all examples of what type of factor? a. abiotic b. biotic c. commensalism 3.The study of interactions between organisms and their environments is called ? a. botany b. cytology c. ecology 4.If you work at McDonald’s, that is an example of your? a. habitat b. niche c. community 5.A group of deer that live in a forest is an example of a? a. biosphere b. community c. population

2. HEADINGSVOCABULARY IMPORTANT INFO Ecosystem Recycling

3. ENERGY FLOWS THROUGH ECOSYSTEM WATER—NITROGEN—CARBON—PHOSPHORUS WATER—NITROGEN—CARBON—PHOSPHORUS ARE RECYCLED!!! THEY MOVE THRU A BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE: ABIOTIC (non-living) PORTION OF ENVIRONMENT (ATMOSPHERE)  LIVING THINGS  THEN BACK AGAIN

4. Water Cycle 70-90 CELLS CONTAIN 70-90% H20 AVAILABLE VERY LITTLE OF EARTHS AVAILABLE H20 IS IN LIVING THINGS RIVERS / LAKES / STREAMS / OCEANS CONTAIN A BIG % WATER VAPOR ATMOSPHERE CONTAIN WATER = WATER VAPOR GROUND WATER = IN SOIL OR UNDERGROUND IN POROUS ROCK WATER CYCLE = MOVEMENT OF H20 B/T RESERVOIRS  EVAPORATION  TRANSPIRATION  PRECIPITATION

5. Evaporation VAPOR ADDS H20 VAPOR TO ATMOSPHERE HEAT HEAT CAUSES WATER TO EVAPORATE 90% TERRESTRIAL 90% OF EVAPORATED WATER FROM TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM PASSES THROUGH PLANTS IN A PROCESS CALLED…

6. Transpiration THRU ROOTS PLANTS TAKE IN H20 THRU ROOTS CO2 RELEASE WATER & TAKE IN CO2 (CARBON DIOXIDE) ANIMALS DRINK/ EAT TO TAKE IN H20 ANIMALS RELEASE IT WHEN:  BREATHING  SWEATING  EXCRETION

7. Precipitation WATER LEAVES ATMOSPHERE ABIOTIC FACTORS TEMP & AIR PRESSURE (ABIOTIC FACTORS) DETERMINE HOW MUCH WATER CAN BE HELD ONCE ATM. IS SATURATED W/VAPOR =  SNOW, RAIN, SLEET, HAIL OR FOG

8. Carbon Cycle PHOTOSYNTHESIS + CELLULAR RESPIRATION AUTOTROPHS PHOTOSYNTHESIS = PLANTS & OTHER AUTOTROPHS USE: CO2 + H20 & SUNLIGHT CO2 + H20 & SUNLIGHT = CARBOHYDRATES

9. CELLULAR RESPIRATION BREAKDOWN CARBS. PROCESS IN WHICH AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS USE OXYGEN (O2) TO BREAKDOWN CARBS. ATP CELLS MAKE ATP (ENERGY) BY BREAKING DOWN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CARBON  A COMPOUND THAT RESULTS FROM LIVING THINGS & CONTAINS CARBON

10. HUMAN INFLUENCE ON THE CARBON CYCLE RISEN 30% IN THE PAST 150 YEARS CO2 IN THE ATMOSPHERE HAS RISEN 30%  ALMOST ½ IN THE LAST 40 YEARS DUE TO HUMANS ACTIVITY BURNING FOSSIL FUEL: DECAY, HEAT, & PRESSURE  REMAINS OF ORGANISMS THAT HAVE BEEN TRANSFORMED BY DECAY, HEAT, & PRESSURE   ENERGY RICH ORGANIC MOLECULES

11. ENERGY & CO2 BURNING RELEASES ENERGY & CO2 BURNING VEGETATION RELEASES CO2 TROPICAL RAINFOREST DESTRUCTION NOT WITH NO PLANTS CO2 IS NOT ABSORBED

12. Nitrogen Cycle NITROGEN IS NEEDED TO MAKE PROTEINS & NUCLEIC ACIDS: DNA RNA ORGANIC MOLECULE, DNA OR RNA, THAT STORES & CARRIES IMPORTANT INFO FOR CELL FUNCTION 78% ATMOSPHERE N2 (NITROGEN GAS) MAKES UP 78% OF THE ATMOSPHERE AMMONIA N2 IS HOWEVER LIMITED TO AMMONIA FOR MOST LIVING THINGS

13. NITROGEN FIXATION CONVERSION OF N2 TO AMMONIA NH3 CERTAIN BACTERIA CAN CONVERT  NH3 = NITROGEN- FIXING BACTERIA SOIL ROOTS LIVE IN SOIL & IN SOME ROOTS

14. Recycling Nitrogen BODIES OF DEAD ORGANISMS CONTAIN “N”  URINE & DUNG ALSO DECOMPOSERS BREAK DOWN CORPSES & WASTE OF ORGANISMS GIVE OFF NITROGEN AS AMMONIA = AMMONIFICATION ITES ATES NITRIFICATION = BACTERIA IN SOIL TAKE IN AMMONIA & OXIDIZE IT INTO NITRITES, NO2 & NITRATES, NO3 Back into the environment

15. DENITRIFICATION ATMOSPHERE RETURNING NITROGEN TO ATMOSPHERE PLANTS CAN ABSORB NITRATES & AMMONIA FROM SOIL  NOT  ANIMALS CANNOT! ANIMALS OBTAIN IT BY EATING OTHER ORGANISMS DIGEST PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS THEY DIGEST THE PROTEINS & NUCLEIC ACIDS

16. SUMMARY 1. WHAT IS THE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE 2. WHERE DO NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA LIVE? WHAT CRUCIAL FUNCTION DO THEY PERFORM? 3. DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF DECOMPOSERS IN NITROGEN CYCLE? 4. HOW HAS BURNING FOSSIL FUELS AFFECTED CARBON CYCLE? 5. THROUGH WHAT PROCESS DOES MOST H20 VAPOR ENTER ATM.