1. Cell Division Vocabulary

2. Mitosis
Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

3. Meiosis
The process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

4. Meiosis I
Includes prophase I, metaphase I, and anaphase I. It results in the formation of two haploid cells

5. Meiosis II
Includes prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II. The final product is four haploid cells

6. Interphase
The period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

7. Prophase
The first and longest phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus

8. Metaphase
The second phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

9. Anaphase
The third phase of mitosis during which the chromosome pairs separate and move towards opposite sides of the cell

10. Telophase
The fourth and final phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material

11. Cell division
The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.

12. G1 phase
A period of activity in which the cells do most of their growing. During this phase, cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles.

13. S phase
Comes after G1, it is when chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place

14. G2 phase
The shortest phase of interphase, it is when many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced.

15. Gamete
A sex cell

16. Oocyte
An immature egg cell

17. Sperm
The male reproductive cell

18. Segregation
Separation of alleles during gamete formation

19. Homologous
Chromosomes that have corresponding chromosomes from the opposite sex parent.

20. Cell cycle
A series of events cells go through as they grow and divide

21. DNA
Nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose

22. Spindle
Fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate chromosomes during mitosis

23. Centriole
One of the two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope

24. Chromosome
A threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next

25. Cancer
Disorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth

26. Crossing-over
Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.

27. Diploid
A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

28. Haploid
A cell that only contains a single set of chromosomes

29. Tetrad
A structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis

30. Chromatids
One of the two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome

31. Centromere
Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

32. Cytokinesis
Division of cytoplasm during cell division.

33. 2N
Diploid daughter cells

34. N
Haploid cells