1. Secondary Injuries/Illnesses On the Farm Presented by: Dr. Therese Willkomm

2. Factors Contributing to Secondary Injuries/Illnesses on the Farm  Nature of disability and other health related conditions  Nature of Farm Task being Performed and Required Abilities  Assistive Technologies Used to Complete Farm Tasks– Environmental conditions Other

3. Nature of disability and other health related conditions o Associated physical, sensory, cognitive, environmental limitations; o Secondary complications – predispositions to respiratory impairments; heat strokes; wound injuries o Other Health related conditions o Prognosis- getting worse or better

4. Nature of Farm Task being Performed and Required Abilities and Risks of Secondary Injuries –Farm mobility –Tool use –Machinery use –Livestock handling –Grain/feed handling - –Material handling –

5. Assistive Technologies Used to Complete Farm Tasks– –Level 1 Accommodation –Level 2 - Commercially available products; seating and mobility equipment; prosthetic devices; etc –Level 3 -Commercially available equipment modifications; –Level 4 - One of a kind solutions high risk of injury or failures –Time – If A.T. takes too much time it won’t be used or –Money – limited funds $1,800 – Learn to “Make Due with What you have”

6. Level 1: No Accommodations

7. Level 2 Commercially Available: Prosthetic Device Failures and Entanglement

8. Secondary Injuries and Seating Systems

9. Level 3 - Equipment Modifications and Risks of Injury

10. Risk to Co-Workers Using Equipment that Has Been Modified

11. Level 4 - One of a kind solutions at risk of causing an injury

12. Money – Limited Funds $1,800 – Learn to “Make Due with What you have”

13. Time – If A.T. takes too much time it won’t be used

14. Environmental Conditions –Dust, dirt, bacteria –Sun, extreme heat, –Extreme cold –Moisture -rain, snow, humidity

15. Other Factors Socio-Economic factors –Older Labor Intensive Farm Operations –Older machinery Behavioral – Accident Prone and Risk Taking Lack of Available Family Members or Hired Help

16. Objective 3.d. in the NAP Workplan: Increase the knowledge of clients and service providers regarding causes and prevention of secondary injuries and illnesses.

17. Objective 1.c in the NAP Workplan: To increase knowledge of Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers (RERCs) and Durable Medical Equipment (DME) Manufacturers on how DME products, specifically wheelchair-related seating and mobility systems and prosthetics/orthotics, are used and/or misused on the farm; describe limitations and recommendations for improvements.