1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES IDENTIFY WHAT AN EARTHQUAKE IS IDENTIFY FEATURES OF AN EARTHQUAKE

2. RECAP ON TECTONICS/EARTHQUAKES LIST THE FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARY/MARJIN LIST THREE FORMS OF SHORT TERM AID LIST THREE FORMS OF LONG TERM AID OTHER THAN THE ACTUAL EARTHQUAKE ITSELF GIVE ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF THE DANGER AN EARTHQUAKE CAN PRODUCE. HOW CAN THIS DANGER BE CAUSED? LIST THREE WAYS WE CAN PREPARE FOR AN EARTHQUAKE.

3. WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE? Look at the following image How could this image represent an earthquake? What do you think happens to the power of the earthquake the further outwards you travel?

4. WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE? AN EARTHQUAKE OCCURS WHEN TWO TECTONIC PLATES EITHER COLLIDE INTO EACH OTHER OR SLIP PAST ONE ANOTHER. HUGE PRESSURE IS RELEASED WHEN TWO PLATES SLIP. THE RELEASE OF THIS PRESSURE IS IN THE FORM OF SEISMIC WAVES. THE AREA WHERE THE TWO PLATES SLIP/COLLIDE IS KNOWN AS THE FAULT LINE. THE EARTHQUAKE IS MOST INTENSE(STRONG) WHERE IT STARTS THIS IS KNOWN AS THE FOCUS AND IS USUALLY FAR UNDERGROUND. THE AREA DIRECTLY ABOVE THE FOCUS ON THE LAND ITSELF IS KNOWN AS THE EPICENTRE. THE FURTHER THE SEISMIC WAVES TRAVEL THE LESS ENERGY THERE IS

5. Label the following on the diagram: Focus EpicentreShockwaves

6. PRIMARY/SECONDARY EFFECTS The effects of an earthquake can be put into two different categories. These are PRIMARY and SECONDARY effects. PRIMARY EFFECTS – this is what occurs immediatley as the earthquake happens SECONDARY EFFECTS – this is what occurs after the earthquake occurs. Secondary is often the most dangerous.

7. PRIMARY/SECONDARY You must decide which of the following is primary and which is secondary. Buildings shake and collapseWater/Gas pipes fracture Tidal waves (Tsunami)Disease is spread Landslides Roads/bridges destroyed Glass smashes Fires break out due to broken gas mains Extension: write down any other primary/secondary effects

8. KOBE – PRIMARY/SECONDARY A death toll of approximately 5,500, with another 30,000 injured and 250,000 made homeless. Cold weather meant that diseases spread quickly. Electricity, gas, water and sewage systems were all hugely disrupted.Over 100,000 buildings collapsed. Infrastructure damage included a 1km stretch of elevated road, numerous railway bridges, and 120 of the city’s 150 quays. A week after the earthquake fires still were burning.. The fires destroyed over 7,000 more homes. Hundreds of aftershocks, 74 strong enough for people to feel, meant people were too afraid to return to their homes for weeks after the event. Emergency services found it very difficult to get into the city due to the massive destruction of the roads. Many temporary shelters were required, as well as food and medicines. 2 million homes still were without power and 1 million were without water

9. WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE? KEY WORDS DOWNFRICTIONCOLLIDE EARTHQUAKESDAMAGEENERGY PRESSURERIPPLESTECTONIC PLATES