1. Health Science Technology II Dr. Wood
Blood
Health Science Technology II
Dr. Wood

2. Functions of blood
Transportation
Heat regulation

3. Composition of blood Made of plasma & formed elements
Plasma: fluid portion of blood
Formed elements
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)

4. Hematocrit or Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
Percent of red blood cells in whole blood
Buffy coat (less than 1%): white blood cells & platelets

5. Erythrocytes (RBCs) Mature RBC has no nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria
Small biconcave discs
Primary component: hemoglobin (1/3 of cell volume)
Transport oxygen & carbon dioxide

6. Destruction of RBCs Life span of RBC is about 105-120 days
Macrophages in lining of blood vessels in spleen & liver phagocytose old or damaged RBC

7. Erythrocytosis/Polycythemia
Excess of red blood cells
Relative polycythemia: patient appears to have an excess of RBCs due to ______.
Absolute polycythemia
Primary polycythemia
Secondary polycythemia: stimulated by increased erythropoietin

8. Anemia Number of RBCs or hemoglobin is low Types:
Iron deficiency anemia
Vitamin deficiency anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Hemolytic anemia

9. Iron Deficiency Anemia
Cells are microcytic & hypochromic
Normocytic & normochromic: Normal RBCs

10. Sickle cell anemia

11. Leukocytes (WBCs) 5 types All have nuclei Larger than RBCs
Granulocytes (have large granules in cytoplasm)
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

12. Neutrophils About 65% of the total WBC count Multilobed nucleus
Small light purple granules in cytoplasm
Function: cell defense by phagocytosis of microorganisms
Life span: hours to 3 days

13. Neutrophilia Increase in number of neutrophils
Often secondary to an acute bacterial infection

14. Neutropenia Abnormally low number of neutrophils Resulting from:
Decreased production: drug toxicity, virus, etc
Increased destruction
Pooling: overwhelming infections

15. Eosinophils Usually 2 lobed nucleus Large orange-red staining granules
Function: cellular defense usually against parasites & involved in allergic reactions
Life span: days

16. Eosinophilia Increased number of eosinophils Allergies
Parasitic infection

17. Basophils Usually 2 lobed nucleus
Sparse, large purple staining granules
Least numerous WBC
Function: secrete heparin & histamine
Life span: hours to 3 days

18. Lymphocytes Smallest of WBC, about 25% of total WBC count
Large spherical nuclei with scant pale blue cytoplasm
Life span: days to years

19. Monocytes Largest of the WBC
Kidney bean shaped nuclei with large quantities of blue-gray cytoplasm
Phagocytic cell capable of ingesting bacteria, debris, cancerous cells
In tissue called macrophages
Life span: months

20. Terms Lymphocytosis Lymphopenia or lymphocytopenia Basophilia
Monocytosis
Monocytopenia

21. Platelets
Small, nearly colorless, irregular
Important in clotting

22. Platelet Terms
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytosis

24. Blood Types Refers to the type of antigens present on RBC membrane
Important blood antigens: A, B, Rh
Agglutinins: antibodies dissolved in plasma that react with specific blood group antigens

25. ABO System Type A: Antigen A on RBCs Type B: Antigen B on RBCs
Type AB: Antigen A & B on RBCs
Type O: Neither A nor B on RBCs
Plasma never contains Ab against Ag present on it own RBCs
Plasma does contain AB against those Ag not present on its RBCs

28. The Rh System Rh positive: Rh antigen is present on RBCs
Rh negative: RBCs have no Rh antigen
Blood does not normally contain anti-Rh antibodies except thru previous transfusion or pregnancy

29. Blood Plasma 90% water, 10 % solutes
Most of the solutes are proteins (formed by liver)
Albumin: help maintain osmotic balance
Globulins: immune mechanism
Fibrinogen: blood clotting
Remaining solutes are food substances, metabolic products, respiratory gases, hormones, etc