1. Notes on Biochemistry and Enzymes Name: _____________________ Date: _____________

2. Biochemistry The study of the chemical reactions of living things is called _______________ A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is a called an ________________. –Some examples are : Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and _________________ These elements are the most abundant in living things.

4. Inorganic VS. Organic Compounds Organic Compounds Found in living things CONTAINS ____________ Examples include:  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Lipids (fats) Inorganic Compounds Found in living things Does ______ contain carbon Examples include:  _________  Salts  Carbon Dioxide  Carbon Monoxide Why are these exceptions?

5. Do Now Identify ONE organic compound: Identify ONE inorganic compound:

6. Three different types of Organic Compounds 1.____________________ 2.____________________ 3. _____________________

7. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are __________ and _____________ They are used as a source of ________________ _______________. –Contain C, H, and O in a ratio of 1:2:1 –For example: ________________ is glucose –Glucose is a _________________________ The building blocks of carbohydrates are _________________ __________________

8. Monosaccharide and Polysaccharide Mono=Simple Carbohydrate Simple Sugar Poly= Complex Carbohydrate Found in cell walls and the liver of animals

9. Carbohydrates in Your Diet Simple CarbohydratesComplex Carbohydrates

10. Carbohydrates in your body... Carbohydrates get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion. Describe what you found out during the lab activity.

11. http://www.biotopics.co.uk/JmolApplet/jcontentstable.html

12. Lipids (fats, waxes, and oils) Mainly a source of ________ __________ energy. Contain H, C, and ______ but in no particular ratio. Usually many hydrogen atoms. The _____________________ are 3 fatty acids and one glycerol. The building blocks of lipids are ___________ ______________

13. Fats in your body.... Fats get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion. Draw a picture of this process. Use the words lipid and fatty acids.

14. Proteins Contain C, H, ____ and Nitrogen Can be used for adding new ________________ in the body. Examples of Proteins: Structural proteins, ________________, hormones, and antibodies. Building block of proteins are ____________ _______________

15. Examples of foods that we each that are good sources of proteins:

16. There are 20 different Amino Acids

17. Proteins in your body.... Proteins get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion. Draw a picture of this process. Use the words protein and amino acids.

18. Carbohydrates VS Proteins Carbohydrates are used for energy where Proteins are used ______________________ Carbohydrates have building blocks called _____________________________, where proteins have 20 building blocks called _______________________________.

19. ????Do you know???? Think about what you have eaten today? What are the proteins? ________________ What are the carbohydrates? ___________________________________ 1.What are the building blocks of proteins? _______________________________________ 2. What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?______________________________

20. One Very Important Protein ________________ regulate the rates of reactions in the cell and body. Enzymes are called __________________ because in general they speed up the chemical reactions. Enzymes are named after their ________________ they act on. Example: __________________ is the enzyme that acts on maltose.

23. 4 Factors Influence Enzyme Action 1. How much _____________ is available. 2. How much ______________ is available. 3. How high or how low the _____________________ is. 4. How high or how low the ________ is. All of these factors can be visually demonstrated in graphs.

24. How does the amount of substrate affect the rate of enzyme action?

25. How does the amount of enzyme affect the rate of enzyme action?

26. How Temperature Affect Enzyme Action Each enzyme has a temperature which its activity is greatest - _________________ temperature Enzymes are usually damaged above about 45°C (100°F). They become _______________________ The damage is usually permanent.

27. What is pH? http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/measure/ph.ht mlhttp://www.epa.gov/acidrain/measure/ph.ht ml

28. How pH Affects Enzyme Action Each enzyme has a specific pH which its activity is greatest - _________________ pH, usually ____, or at neutral Enzymes are usually damaged in extreme acids or bases. They become _______________________ The damage is usually permanent.

29. Remember! Enzymes have not been ‘___________' – They become de_________ Remember they are proteins and are _____ living things

30. Do Now: Using a hamburger as an example, explain how enzymes change when they are…. Frozen: ______________________________ Cooked: _____________________________ www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=21969&title=Enzyme_Activity htp://

31. Some enzymes function at a different optimal pH; Why?

32. DO Now: Label each X-Axis with one of the following: Enzyme Concentration, Substrate Concentration, Temperature and pH. ? Enz yme Acti on Enzyme Action Enzyme Action

33. Add a title, Label the X-axis Title: __________________ Enzyme Action

34. Add a title, Label the X-axis Title: __________________ Enzyme Action

35. Add a title, Label the X-axis Title: __________________ Enzyme Action