1. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
Without oxygen
2 Steps
Glycolysis splits sugar and produces 2 net ATP
Fermentation replenishes needed molceules

2. Two types of fermentation
Lactic acid in animals: produces lactic acid and this leads to fatigue.
Alcohol fermentation in other organisms: produces alcohol that is used in making bread, wine, beer, and other foods.

3. Photorespiration Involves: Chloroplast Peroxisomes Mitochondrion
Uses oxygen instead of CO2
NO SUGAR MADE

4. C3 plants
Most plants are C3 plants. They take in Carbon dioxide throughout the daytime as needed.

5. C4 plants

6. C4 plants cont
They store Carbon dioxide in the bundle sheath cells as a 4C organic molecule and then break it down as needed for the light independent reactions.
They only open their stomata periodically.
This saves water lost from transpiration.

7. CAM Plants

8. CAM continued
These plants bring in the carbon dioxide at night and store it as a 4C sugar. They can then break it down during the day when light is present to produce the ATP and NADPH needed for the light independent reactions.
Stomata stay shut all day long.

9. Obligate vs. Facultative
Obligate: must
Facutlative: can
Obligate anaerobe: cow intestine
Facultative anaerobe: us (humans)
Obligate aerobe: only can live in the presence of oxygen (dangerous)

10. REDOX (reduction/oxidation reactions): Pass electrons from one molecule to another.
OIL RIG
Oxidation is loss
Reduction is gain
LEO GER
Lose electrons oxidation
Gain electrons reduction
REDOX: electron transport chain

11. Chemosynthesis
Uses the reduction from H2S in hydrothermal vents to make sugars.
No light: energy comes from the vents.

12. Productivity
Net productivity = gross productivity – cellular respiration by the photosynthetic organism.
Some sugar that is made is then used by the organism for metabolic activities.