1. Chapter 3, Section 1 Basic Principles of the Constitution

2. U.S. Constitution

3. Popular Sovereignty

4. Limited Government

5. Separation of Powers

6. Checks and Balances

8. The Federalist Papers Video Federalist Papers Homework Packet: pg. 139-140

9. Judicial Review Supreme Court has the power to determine the constitutionality of governmental action. Marbury v. Madison Video Explanation

10. Federalism Governmental power is distributed through the central government and regional governments. Federalism was a compromise for the Framers of the Constitution.

11. Chapter 4: Federalism

12. Federalism Federalism is a system of government in which a written constitution divides the powers of government on a territorial basis, between a central government and several regional governments, usually called states or provinces.

13. Powers of the Federal Government Delegated Powers The National Government is a government of delegated powers. The government only has powers delegated (granted) in the Constitution. 2 types of delegated powers: expressed and implied

14. Expressed Powers Powers delegated to the National Government in so many words- spelled out, expressly in the Constitution. Article I, Section 8 Article II, Section 2 Constitution

15. Implied Powers Not expressly stated in the Constitution, but they are reasonably suggested- implied- by the expressed powers. Necessary and Proper Clause- Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 Constitution The Necessary and Proper Clause is sometimes called the elastic clause, because, over time, it has been stretched to cover many different situations. Pg. 97- 2 nd paragraph

16. Powers Denied to the Federal Government Levy duties on exports. Take private property for public use without compensation. Conduct illegal search and seizures. Prohibit freedom of religion, speech, press, or assembly. Create a national public school system. Enact marriage and divorce laws.

17. Powers Reserved to the States Forbid any persons under the age of 18 to marry without parental consent. Prohibit some forms of gambling and permit others. Require that doctors, lawyers, plumbers and teachers be licensed. Establish public school systems.

18. PA School Districts PA Teaching Certificate

19. Powers Denied to the States Print or coin money. Tax any agency of the national government.

20. Exclusive and Concurrent Powers Exclusive Powers- Powers that can be exercised by the National Government alone. Not by the states. Print or coin money Make treaties with foreign countries Tax imports U.S. President Barack Obama (left) and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) on April 8, 2010

21. Exclusive and Concurrent Powers Concurrent Powers- Powers that both the national government and the states possess and exercise. Chart- pg. 100 Levy and collect taxes. Define crimes and set punishments for them.

23. The Supremacy Clause A provision of the United States Constitution that states the Constitution, federal law, and treaties of the United States are the “Supreme Law of the Land.” Article VI, Section 2

24. McCulloch v. Maryland Read- pg. 101 Video Example of the supremacy of the national government. Very important considering the infancy of the federal system of the United States. Precedent?

25. Federal Grants- in- Aid Perhaps the best known examples of this intergovernmental cooperation are the many federal grant-in-aid programs. Grants of federal money or other resources to the states. Currently, there are more than 500 grant-in- aid programs in operation. Areas: Education, mass transit, highway construction, healthcare.

27. Types of Federal Grants Today, Congress appropriates money for three types of grant-in-aid programs: – Categorical grants – Block grants – Project grants Denver Grant Request Chart- pg. 108

28. Categorical Grants Are made for some specific, closely defined purpose. Examples- School lunches, airports, waste water treatment plants. Strings Attached 1.Use the money only for the specific purpose involved. 2.Make its own monetary contribution. 3.Provide an agency to administer the grant. 4.Obey a set of guidelines tailored to the specific purpose for which the monies are given.

29. Block Grants A type of grant-in-aid for some particular but broadly defined area of public policy. Examples- Healthcare, social services, or welfare. Made with fewer strings attached.

30. Project Grants One type of grant-in-aid, made for specific projects to States, localities, and private agencies who apply for them. Many state and local governments apply for project grants to fund their job training and employment programs.

31. Section 3: Interstate Compacts No state can enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation. – United States Constitution States can, with the consent of Congress, enter into interstate compacts. Pennsylvania+ New Jersey- Delaware River port Authority. Both states manage the facilities of their borders. Delaware River Port Authority

32. Extradition Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2 The legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one state can return to that state. Is designed to prevent a person from escaping justice by fleeing the state. Constitution Cop Killer Extradition

33. Privileges and Immunities The Constitution’s stipulation that all citizens are entitled to certain “privileges and immunities,” regardless of their state residence; no state can draw unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and those persons who happen to live in other states. Out of state residents are free to use the courts, buy, own, rent, or sell property. States can not make companies hire state residents. State colleges and university can charge out- of – state students more tuition money than state residents. West Chester