1. Audience, Context, and the Rhetorical Triangle Argumentative Writing Part 2

2. Audience To whom are you addressing your argument. To whom are you addressing your argument. Attributes of your audience: social, cultural, institutional, economic, linguistic, education, geographic contexts Attributes of your audience: social, cultural, institutional, economic, linguistic, education, geographic contexts Are you preaching to the choir. Are you preaching to the choir.

3. Appealing to an Audience Pathos: Appeal to emotion. Pathos: Appeal to emotion. Loaded Language Loaded Language Imagery, both literal and figurative Imagery, both literal and figurative Narratives and Testimonials Narratives and Testimonials Tone (humor, sarcasm, nostalgia, anger) Tone (humor, sarcasm, nostalgia, anger) Appeal to group mentality. Appeal to group mentality.

4. Appealing to an Audience Ethos: An appeal to ethics. Ethos: An appeal to ethics. Writer’s background Writer’s background Use of appropriate language Use of appropriate language Use of appropriate diction Use of appropriate diction Where the work is published Where the work is published Fair minded/ sense of knowledge about both sides of an argument. Fair minded/ sense of knowledge about both sides of an argument. Conceding some points. Conceding some points.

5. Appealing to an Audience Logos: Appeal to logic and reason Logos: Appeal to logic and reason Theories/Scientific Facts Theories/Scientific Facts Analogies Analogies Statistics and data Statistics and data Appeal to Authority Appeal to Authority Examples Examples Definitions Definitions

6. The Rhetorical Triangle Context Topic/Logos Writer/EthosAudience/Pathos

7. Rhetoric as a Reader Logos Logos What is the occasion for the argument? What is the occasion for the argument? What statistics and facts does the author offer for support? What statistics and facts does the author offer for support? What conclusions does the author come to? What conclusions does the author come to?

8. Rhetoric as a Reader Ethos Ethos How does the author create a persona? How does the author create a persona? Does the author seem knowledgeable about both sides of an argument? Does the author seem knowledgeable about both sides of an argument? Does the author concede any points? Does the author concede any points?

9. Rhetoric as a Reader Pathos Pathos For what audience is the text written? For what audience is the text written? What emotional appeals does the author make? What emotional appeals does the author make? What tone does the author use? What is your reaction towards it? What tone does the author use? What is your reaction towards it?

10. Rhetoric for the Writer Logos Logos What is my purpose for writing? What is my purpose for writing? Have I offered compelling statistics and facts? Have I offered compelling statistics and facts? Do I show how my evidence proves my claim? Do I show how my evidence proves my claim?

11. Rhetoric for the Writer Ethos Ethos Have I established my persona? Have I established my persona? Have I proven myself to be credible? Have I proven myself to be credible? Have I evaluated the other opinion? Are there places where I should cede points? Have I evaluated the other opinion? Are there places where I should cede points?

12. Rhetoric for the Writer Pathos Pathos Have I taken my audience into consideration? Have I taken my audience into consideration? Is my audience hostile, or am I preaching to the choir? Is my audience hostile, or am I preaching to the choir? What emotional appeals will reach my audience? What emotional appeals will reach my audience? Have I created a purposeful tone? Have I created a purposeful tone?