1. Recognizing Modes of Persuasion Objective: I will learn to recognize and apply rhetorical strategies.

2. What is “rhetoric”?  Rhetoric is the “art or study of using language effectively.”  Rhetoric may be described as the “persuasive use of language” and “rhetorical strategies” are techniques by which writers persuade readers.

3. Important Terms:  Audience: Listeners or viewers  Tone: the writer’s attitude towards the subject  Mood: How the listener feels towards the subject  Allusion: reference to a famous piece of literature or art  Diction: the author’s word choice

4. Rhetorical Triangle

5. Logos, Pathos or Ethos?

10. Logos, Pathos, Ethos

15. Aristotle’s Appeals  Emotional Appeal (Pathos): These appeals attempt to engage and arouse the reader’s feelings, fears, hopes, beliefs, and preconceived ideas by using words, phrases, vivid details, anecdotes, personal experiences, and metaphors.  Logical Appeal (Logos): By using facts, statistics, and examples, these appeals are directed to the reader’s reasoning abilities and include both reasons and evidence. These appeals often make it harder for the reader to reject the writer’s argument.  Ethical Appeal (Ethos):an appeal to the character of the individual and to values

16. Empirical Evidence Evidence relating to or based on experience or observation. Evidence you have seen or read for yourself. Anecdotal Evidence Largely unscientific. Derived from anecdotes.

17. Logical Evidence  Rely on logic and facts, appealing to an audience’s sense of reason and his or her respect for authority. Counterargument/Rebuttal An argument made to oppose another argument. Refutation of their counterargument

18. Claim (assertion) Thesis: what you are trying to prove Grounds (Reasons) Reasons, usually turned into topic sentences, for your thesis. Backing (Evidence) Evidence in the form of facts or quotes that back up your thesis and topic sentences. Also known as concrete details. Rebuttal ( used after the Counterargument) A Statement that proves that the counterargument is false.