1. Introduction to Public Speaking Chapters 15 and 16

2. Persuasion The process of creating, reinforcing or changing peoples beliefs or actions MUCH MORE difficult than informative speaking

3. Mental Dialogue Assume that the audience member is having a dialogue with you as you are speaking Anticipate their questions

4. Target Audience Section of the audience that you most want to persuade

5. Questions of Fact A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion Organized Topically Sometimes spacially

6. Questions of Value Questions about the worth, rightness, morality, etc. of an idea or action Organized Topically

7. Questions of Policy Questions about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

8. Questions of Policy Types of speeches associated with questions of policy Those to Gain Passive Agreement Those to Gain Immediate Action

9. Questions of Policy Analyzing Questions of Policy Need Plan Practicality

10. Questions of Policy Speech Organization Problem Solution Order Problem-Cause-Solution Order

11. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Created by Alan Monroe in 1930’s at Purdue University 5 Steps Attention Need Satisfaction Visualization Action

12. Methods of Persuasion Why should I listen to you?

13. Credibility - Ethos Audiences perception as to whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic 2 factors Competence Character

14. Types of Credibility Initial Derived Terminal

15. Establishing Credibility Explain your competence Establish a common ground with the audience Deliver your speeches fluently, expressively and with conviciton

16. Evidence - Logos People are Skeptical…back up what you say with evidence Use specific evidence Use novel evidence Use credible sources Make clear point of evidence

17. Reasoning - Logos Process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence 4 Basic Types Reasoning for specific instances Reason from principle Causal reasoning Analogical Reasoning

18. Reasoning for specific instances Moves from particular facts to general conclusions

19. Reasoning from Principle Moves from general thought to specific thought

20. Causal Reasoning Establishes a relationship between causes and effects

21. Analogical Reasoning Compares two similar cases and infers what is true for the first case is true for the other due to their relationship

22. Fallacies Red Herring Ad Hominem Either-Or Bandwagon Slippery Slope

23. Appeal to Emotions Evoking an emotional response from your audience Use emotional language Develop vivid examples Speak with sincerity and conviction

24. Test Results A = 135 -150 points B = 120 – 134 points C = 105 – 119 points Top Grade: 140 Grade Breakdown A = 7 B = 15 C = 3