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Learning Theories Jennie Barnett
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Objectives By the end of the next two sessions you will be able to: outline 3 learning theories Behaviourist Cognitive Humanist identify the key principles of each theory as applied to teaching and learning Compare and contrast the theories
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Behaviourist theory J.B.Watson Introspection ‘tabula rasa’ Science
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Pavlov Classical conditioning Experiments with digestive system in dogs Learning through association Reflexes
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Behaviourist theory Thorndike Instrumental learning Law of effect B.F. Skinner Operant conditioning
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Operant Conditioning Behaviour Shaping Successive approximations to the goal behaviour Reinforcement anything which increases desired behaviour
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Reinforcement Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous Reinforcement Fixed Ratio Reinforcement (FR) Fixed Interval Reinforcement (FI) Variable Ratio Reinforcement (VR) Variable Interval Reinforcement (VI):
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Reinforcement Positive giving something good - increases desired behaviour Negative taking away something bad - increases desired behaviour Punishment applying something bad - reduces undesired behaviour
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Programmed Learning 1 Learning should be fun. However, in the early stages of learning a subject, students often make many errors. Students do [ ] do not [ ] like to make errors?[ ] Click in the correct box
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Programmed Learning 2 The basic idea of programmed learning is that the most efficient, pleasant and permanent learning takes place when the student proceeds through a course by a large number of small, easy-to-take steps. If each step the student takes is small, he/she is[ ] is not [ ] likely to make errors[ ]
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Gestalt Theory Wertheimer, Kohler and Koffler The whole is more than the sum of the parts Insight learning transferability
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Cognitive Theory Jean Piaget Interaction with the environment Development of ‘schemata’ Active nature of learning Discovery learning
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Cognitive Theory Jerome Bruner (1966) Work from the known to the unknown from the concrete to the abstract Relate new knowledge to existing knowledge Spiral curriculum
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Humanist Theory Carl Rogers Total personality Malcolm Knowles Andragogy learning contracts
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That’s right,well done
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