1. The Humanistic Perspective Concepts and Theories

2. The Third Force To oversimplify the matter somewhat, it is as if Freud supplied to us the sick half of psychology, and we must now fill it out with the healthy half. Maslow 1968

3. Physiological Safety Belongingness Esteem Self- Actualization Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

4. Maslow’s Types of Needs Basic Needs or deficiency needs Metaneeds, our desire to grow and use our capacities to the fullest

5. Physiological Needs Needs for food, water, air, etc. These are the most “prepotent” needs One function of civilization is to satisfy these needs so we can focus on the higher ones Behavioral research usually studies at this level

6. Safety Needs Needs for safety, order, security, etc. Focused on after physiological needs met

7. Belongingness & Love Needs The need for affiliation, for friends, supportive family, group identification, intimate relationships This level and higher ones often not satisfied even in affluent countries Need to receive and to give love

8. Esteem Needs Need to be held in high regard by self and others (not just “self-esteem”) comes from mastery, achievement, adequacy, feelings of competence, confidence, independence Ideally this need met by the deserved respect of others

9. Self-Actualization Needs A person must actualize, that is make real, what exists inside them as a potential Most other theorists wouldn’t see this as a need Freud would predict people would stop at lower needs This may increase tension yet “capacities clamor to be used”

10. Exceptions to the Hierarchy Esteem taking precedence over love Person who ignores and ruins relationships in order to achieve

11. More extreme reversals Artists who have produced their greatest works in times of dire physical need

12. More extreme reversals Martyrs People who sacrifice their safety and lives for higher good

13. Peak and Plateau Experiences A peak experience is a brief feeling of fully living that brings joy and excitement

14. Peak and Plateau Experiences Plateau are less intense but still satisfying as they bring a heightened appreciation of life and tend to be more enduring Both involve a transcendence of ordinary perceptions

15. Peak and Plateau Experiences “If I could teach a person only one thing, it would be to live each day as if its were the last day of their life” Maslow