1. Carpentry and Joinery NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 2, 2 nd Edition © Pearson Education Ltd, 2008. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. Structural loading There are three main types of stress: Tension – pulls or stretches a material Compression – squeezes the material Shear –when one part of a component slides over another. Look around you. Can you see any components under stress?

2. Carpentry and Joinery NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 2, 2 nd Edition © Pearson Education Ltd, 2008. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. All buildings have a substructure – all of the structure below ground, up to and including the damp proof course. What is the main part of a substructure? Substructure

3. Carpentry and Joinery NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 2, 2 nd Edition © Pearson Education Ltd, 2008. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. Primary elements are the main supporting, enclosing and protecting elements of the superstructure. They divide space and provide floor-to-floor access. What primary elements can you name? Superstructure: primary elements

4. Carpentry and Joinery NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 2, 2 nd Edition © Pearson Education Ltd, 2008. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. The secondary elements are not essential to the building’s strength or structure, but provide a particular function, such as completing openings in walls. What secondary elements can you name? Superstructure: secondary elements